hdu 1502（dp+大数）

Regular Words

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 2423    Accepted Submission(s): 970

Problem Description

Consider words of length 3n over alphabet {A, B, C} . Denote the number of occurences of A in a word a as A(a) , analogously let the number of occurences of B be denoted as B(a), and the number of occurenced of C as C(a) . 

Let us call the word w regular if the following conditions are satisfied: 

A(w)=B(w)=C(w) ; 
if c is a prefix of w , then A(c)>= B(c) >= C(c) . 
For example, if n = 2 there are 5 regular words: AABBCC , AABCBC , ABABCC , ABACBC and ABCABC . 

Regular words in some sense generalize regular brackets sequences (if we consider two-letter alphabet and put similar conditions on regular words, they represent regular brackets sequences). 

Given n , find the number of regular words.

 

Input

There are mutiple cases in the input file. 

Each case contains n (0 <= n <= 60 ). 

There is an empty line after each case.

 

Output

Output the number of regular words of length 3n . 

There should be am empty line after each case.

 

Sample Input

2

3

 

Sample Output

5

42  

题意：n个A，n个B吗，n个C，满足组成的字符串if c is a prefix of w , then A(c)>= B(c) >= C(c) . 这样条件的字符串个数有多少个？

F[a][b][c]=F[a-1][b][c]+F[a][b-1][c]+F[a][b][c-1];
a>=b>=c;

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
#define LL long long
int ten[4] = {1,10,100,1000};
typedef struct BigNumber
{
    int d[25];//内存超了改
    BigNumber(string s)
    {
        int i, j, k, len;
        len = s.size();
        d[0] = (len-1)/4+1;
        for(i=1;i<=24;i++)  //内存超了这个也要改
            d[i] = 0;
        for(i=len-1;i>=0;i--)
        {
            j = (len-i-1)/4+1;
            k = (len-i-1)%4;
            d[j] += ten[k]*(s[i]-'0');
        }
        while(d[0]>1 && d[d[0]]==0)
            --d[0];
    }
    BigNumber()
    {
        *this = BigNumber(string("0"));
    }
    string toString()
    {
        int i, j, temp;
        string s("");
        for(i=3;i>=1;i--)
        {
            if(d[d[0]]>=ten[i])
                break;
        }
        temp = d[d[0]];
        for(j=i;j>=0;j--)
        {
            s = s+(char)(temp/ten[j]+'0');
            temp %= ten[j];
        }
        for(i=d[0]-1;i>0;i--)
        {
            temp = d[i];
            for(j=3;j>=0;j--)
            {
                s = s+(char)(temp/ten[j]+'0');
                temp %= ten[j];
            }
        }
        return s;
    }
}BigNumber;
BigNumber zero("0"), d, temp, mid[15],dp[61][61][61];
bool operator < (const BigNumber &a, const BigNumber &b)
{
    int i;
    if(a.d[0]!=b.d[0])
        return a.d[0]<b.d[0];
    for(i=a.d[0];i>0;i--)
    {
        if(a.d[i]!=b.d[i])
            return a.d[i]<b.d[i];
    }
    return 0;
}
BigNumber operator + (const BigNumber &a, const BigNumber &b)
{
    int i, x;
    BigNumber c;
    c.d[0] = max(a.d[0], b.d[0]);
    x = 0;
    for(i=1;i<=c.d[0];i++)
    {
        x = a.d[i]+b.d[i]+x;
        c.d[i] = x%10000;
        x /= 10000;
    }
    while(x!=0)
    {
        c.d[++c.d[0]] = x%10000;
        x /= 10000;
    }
    return c;
}
BigNumber operator - (const BigNumber &a, const BigNumber &b)
{
    int i, x;
    BigNumber c;
    c.d[0] = a.d[0];
    x = 0;
    for(i=1;i<=c.d[0];i++)
    {
        x = 10000+a.d[i]-b.d[i]+x;
        c.d[i] = x%10000;
        x = x/10000-1;
    }
    while((c.d[0]>1) && (c.d[c.d[0]]==0))
        --c.d[0];
    return c;
}
BigNumber operator * (const BigNumber &a, const BigNumber &b)
{
    int i, j, x;
    BigNumber c;
    c.d[0] = a.d[0]+b.d[0];
    for(i=1;i<=a.d[0];i++)
    {
        x = 0;
        for(j=1;j<=b.d[0];j++)
        {
            x = a.d[i]*b.d[j]+x+c.d[i+j-1];
            c.d[i+j-1] = x%10000;
            x /= 10000;
        }
        c.d[i+b.d[0]] = x;
    }
    while((c.d[0]>1) && (c.d[c.d[0]]==0))
        --c.d[0];
    return c;
}
bool smaller(const BigNumber &a, const BigNumber &b, int delta)
{
    int i;
    if(a.d[0]+delta!=b.d[0])
        return a.d[0]+delta<b.d[0];
    for(i=a.d[0];i>0;i--)
    {
        if(a.d[i]!=b.d[i+delta])
            return a.d[i]<b.d[i+delta];
    }
    return 1;
}
void Minus(BigNumber &a, const BigNumber &b, int delta)
{
    int i, x;
    x = 0;
    for(i=1;i<=a.d[0]-delta;i++)
    {
        x = 10000+a.d[i+delta]-b.d[i]+x;
        a.d[i+delta] = x%10000;
        x = x/10000-1;
    }
    while((a.d[0]>1) && (a.d[a.d[0]]==0))
        --a.d[0];
}
BigNumber operator * (const BigNumber &a, int k)
{
    BigNumber c;
    c.d[0] = a.d[0];
    int i, x;
    x = 0;
    for(i=1;i<=a.d[0];i++)
    {
        x = a.d[i]*k+x;
        c.d[i] = x%10000;
        x /= 10000;
    }
    while(x>0)
    {
        c.d[++c.d[0]] = x%10000;
        x /= 10000;
    }
    while((c.d[0]>1) && (c.d[c.d[0]]==0))
        --c.d[0];
    return c;
}
BigNumber operator / (const BigNumber &a, const BigNumber &b)
{
    int i, j, temp;
    BigNumber c;
    d = a;
    mid[0] = b;
    for(i=1;i<=13;i++)
        mid[i] = mid[i-1]*2;
    for(i=a.d[0]-b.d[0];i>=0;i--)
    {
        temp = 8192;
        for(j=13;j>=0;j--)
        {
            if(smaller(mid[j], d, i))
            {
                Minus(d, mid[j], i);
                c.d[i+1] += temp;
            }
            temp /= 2;
        }
    }
    c.d[0] = max(1, a.d[0]-b.d[0]+1);
    while((c.d[0]>1) && (c.d[c.d[0]]==0))
        --c.d[0];
    return c;
}


int main(void)
{
    int n, i, d;
    BigNumber t("1");
    dp[0][0][0] =  t;
    for(int i = 1; i <= 60; i++) {
        for(int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
            for(int k = 0;k <= j; k++) {
                if(i > j)
                    dp[i][j][k]=dp[i][j][k]+dp[i-1][j][k];
                if(j > k)
                    dp[i][j][k]=dp[i][j][k]+dp[i][j-1][k];
                if(k >= 1)
                    dp[i][j][k]=dp[i][j][k]+dp[i][j][k-1];
            }
        }
    }
    while(cin >> n) {
        cout << dp[n][n][n].toString() << endl;
        cout << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}