python基础

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-24 22:16:45 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-08-24 22:16:45 发布

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文章标签： python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37837061/article/details/120770131

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输出语句

x = 1
y = 2
z = 3
print("the values are", x, y, z)
#打印结果为 the values are 1 2 3


unsigned short hex=0x1234；//定义一个2字节整数

unsigned char low = hex & 0xff;     //取低8位 也就是0x34

unsigned char hight = hex >> 8;     //取高8位 也就是0x12

printf("low=0x%x,hight=0x%x\n",low,hight);//打印结果就是low=0x34，hight=0x12

取二进制数的某一位

1.首先把1往左移3位：（1的二进制是1）

int c=1<<3;//此时c的二进制为1000，是1左移三位的结果
1
2.然后把c和a作与运算，所得结果就能告诉你答案

int d=a&c;//1010&1000=1000，那么d的结果的二进制就是1000，此时若a的第3位为0，那么d会等于0

字典

dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}
print "dict['Name']: ", dict['Name']
print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age']

字典
将字典作为参数传入一个函数的时候只需要传入字典名称就可以了

def func(d):
      
    for key in d:
        print("key:", key, "Value:", d[key])
          
# Driver's code
D = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
func(D)

python中的类
- python中的类

switch语句

switch语句

def vowel(num):
    switch={
      1:'a',
      2:'e',
      3:'i',
      4:'o',
      5:'u'
      }
    return switch.get(num,"Invalid input")

vowel(3)

vowel(0)

pass 关键字

pass无任何实际意义，可以在空函数中写pass
pass关键字的链接

for letter in 'Python': 
   if letter == 'h':
      pass
      print 'This is pass block'
   print 'Current Letter :', letter

print "Good bye!"





Current Letter : P
Current Letter : y
Current Letter : t
This is pass block
Current Letter : h
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : n
Good bye!

逻辑运算符

且：and

a = 10
b = 10
c = -10
  
if a > 0 and b > 0:
    print("The numbers are greater than 0")
  
if a > 0 and b > 0 and c > 0:
    print("The numbers are greater than 0")
else:
    print("Atleast one number is not greater than 0")

链接

for 循环
- for i in range(12)表示0到11
- for i in range(3, 6)表示3，4，5
- 相关链接

python中打开文件

函数open函数或者with open语句，一般使用with open语句，因为他简化了对文件的操作

$ cat output.txt 
Line1
Line2
Line3
Line4
Line5

with open('output.txt', 'r+') as f:
    for line in f:
        print(line, end='')

[output]
$ python with_open_example.py 
Line1
Line2
Line3
Line4
Line5

相关链接

python中读文件的语句

readline()

用来读取文件中的完整一行，可以传入字节的数目作为参数，表示读取几个字节

txt文件

Python is the best programming language in the world in 2020
Edureka is the biggest Ed-tech platform to learn python
Python programming is as easy as writing a program in simple English language

file = open("example.txt", "r")
example1 = file.readline()
example2 = file.readline(14)
print(example1)
print(example2)



输出为
Python is the best programming language in the world in 2020
Edureka is the

readlines()

用来读取整个文件，可以传入字节数目作为参数

example1 = file.readlines()
print(example1)


输出为
['Python is the best programming language in the world in 2020',
'Edureka is the biggest Ed-tech platform to learn python',
'Python programming is as easy as writing a program in simple English language']



example2 = file.readlines(80)
print(example2)




输出为
['Python is the best programming language in the world in 2020',
'Edureka is the biggest Ed-tech platform to learn python']

相关链接

locals()函数

作用：返回当前函数正在使用的符号表
locals 以字典形式返回局部变量，globals 以字典形式返回全局变量
相关链接

例

def localsNotPresent():
    return locals()

def localsPresent():
    present = True
    return locals()

print('localsNotPresent:', localsNotPresent())
print('localsPresent:', localsPresent())


输出为
localsNotPresent: {}
localsPresent: {'present': True}

字符串的长度len()

str = "this is string example....wow!!!"
print ("Length of the string: ", len(str))


输出为
Length of the string:  32

相关链接

split函数

split函数用来返回字符串中所有的单词
如果无参数则根据空格和换行符进行分割，如果有参数则根据参数进行分割

str = "this is string example....wow!!!"
print (str.split( ))
print (str.split('i',1))
print (str.split('w'))


输出语句
['this', 'is', 'string', 'example....wow!!!']
['th', 's is string example....wow!!!']
['this is string example....', 'o', '!!!']

相关链接

list和array

区别
- list
  - 长度可变，动态大小
  - 元素类型不定
- array
  - 长度固定
  - 元素类型固定
- 相关链接

list

相关链接

下标

下标为负数表示从最后一个元素开始的下标
冒号用来表示下标的范围

# Creating a List
List = ['G','E','E','K','S','F',
        'O','R','G','E','E','K','S']
print("Initial List: ")
print(List)
  
# Print elements from beginning
# to a pre-defined point using Slice
Sliced_List = List[:-6]
print("\nElements sliced till 6th element from last: ")
print(Sliced_List)
  
# Print elements of a range
# using negative index List slicing
Sliced_List = List[-6:-1]
print("\nElements sliced from index -6 to -1")
print(Sliced_List)
  
# Printing elements in reverse
# using Slice operation
Sliced_List = List[::-1]
print("\nPrinting List in reverse: ")
print(Sliced_List)


输出
Initial List: 
['G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S', 'F', 'O', 'R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S']

Elements sliced till 6th element from last: 
['G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S', 'F', 'O']

Elements sliced from index -6 to -1
['R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K']

Printing List in reverse: 
['S', 'K', 'E', 'E', 'G', 'R', 'O', 'F', 'S', 'K', 'E', 'E', 'G']