Android:内核与用户层通信之netlink
一、一般来说用户空间和内核空间的通信方式有三种:proc、ioctl、Netlink。而前两种都是单向的,但是Netlink可以实现双工通信。Netlink协议基于BSD socket和AF_NETLINK地址簇(address family),使用32位的端口号寻址(以前称作PID),每个Netlink协议(或称作总线,man手册中则称之为netlink family),通常与一个或一组内核服务/组件相关联,如NETLINK_ROUTE用于获取和设置路由与链路信息、NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT用于内核向用户空间的udev进程发送通知等。
二、实例测试
1.内核驱动c程序 netlink.c
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <net/netlink.h>
#include <net/sock.h>
#define NETLINK_TEST (25)
#define MAX_MSGSIZE 1024
static dev_t devId;
static struct class *cls = NULL;
struct sock *nl_sk = NULL;
int stringlength(char *s)
{
int slen = 0;
for(; *s; s++)
{
slen++;
}
return slen;
}
static void
hello_cleanup(void)
{
netlink_kernel_release(nl_sk);
device_destroy(cls, devId);
class_destroy(cls);
unregister_chrdev_region(devId, 1);
}
static void
netlink_send(int pid, uint8_t *message, int len)
{
struct sk_buff *skb_1;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
if(!message || !nl_sk) {
return;
}
skb_1 = alloc_skb(NLMSG_SPACE(len), GFP_KERNEL);
if( !skb_1 ) {
printk(KERN_ERR "alloc_skb error!\n");
}
nlh = nlmsg_put(skb_1, 0, 0, 0, len, 0);
NETLINK_CB(skb_1).portid = 0;
NETLINK_CB(skb_1).dst_group = 0;
memcpy(NLMSG_DATA(nlh), message, len);
netlink_unicast(nl_sk, skb_1, pid, MSG_DONTWAIT);
}
//向用户态进程回发消息
void sendnlmsg(char *message, int pid)
{
struct sk_buff *skb_1;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
int len = NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_MSGSIZE);
int slen = 0;
if(!message || !nl_sk)
{
return ;
}
printk(KERN_ERR "pid:%d\n",pid);
skb_1 = alloc_skb(len,GFP_KERNEL);
if(!skb_1)
{
printk(KERN_ERR "my_net_link:alloc_skb error\n");
}
slen = stringlength(message);
nlh = nlmsg_put(skb_1,0,0,0,MAX_MSGSIZE,0);
NETLINK_CB(skb_1).portid = 0;
NETLINK_CB(skb_1).dst_group = 0;
message[slen]= '\0';
memcpy(NLMSG_DATA(nlh),message,slen+1);
printk("my_net_link:send message '%s'.\n",(char *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh));
netlink_unicast(nl_sk,skb_1,pid,MSG_DONTWAIT);
}
static void
netlink_input(struct sk_buff *__skb)
{
struct sk_buff *skb;
char str[100];
struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
if( !__skb ) {
return;
}
skb = skb_get(__skb);
if( skb->len < NLMSG_SPACE(0)) {
return;
}
nlh = nlmsg_hdr(skb);
memset(str, 0, sizeof(str));
memcpy(str, NLMSG_DATA(nlh), sizeof(str));
printk(KERN_INFO "receive message (pid:%d):%s\n", nlh->nlmsg_pid, str);
printk(KERN_INFO "space:%d\n", NLMSG_SPACE(0));
printk(KERN_INFO "size:%d\n", nlh->nlmsg_len);
sendnlmsg("message from kernel!",nlh->nlmsg_pid);
netlink_send(nlh->nlmsg_pid, NLMSG_DATA(nlh), nlh->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_SPACE(0));
return;
}
static __init int netlink_init(void)
{
int result;
struct netlink_kernel_cfg nkc;
printk(KERN_WARNING "netlink init start!\n");
//动态注册设备号
if(( result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devId, 0, 1, "stone-alloc-dev") ) != 0) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "register dev id error:%d\n", result);
goto err;
} else {
printk(KERN_WARNING "register dev id success!\n");
}
//动态创建设备节点
cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "stone-class");
if(IS_ERR(cls)) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "create class error!\n");
goto err;
}
if(device_create(cls, NULL, devId, "", "hello%d", 0) == NULL) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "create device error!\n");
goto err;
}
//初始化netlink
nkc.groups = 0;
nkc.flags = 0;
nkc.input = netlink_input;
nkc.cb_mutex = NULL;
nkc.bind = NULL;
nkc.unbind = NULL;
nkc.compare = NULL;
nl_sk = netlink_kernel_create(&init_net, NETLINK_TEST, &nkc);
if( !nl_sk ) {
printk(KERN_ERR "[netlink] create netlink socket error!\n");
goto err;
}
printk(KERN_ALERT "netlink init success!\n");
return 0;
err:
hello_cleanup();
return -1;
}
static __exit void netlink_exit(void)
{
hello_cleanup();
printk(KERN_WARNING "netlink exit!\n");
}
module_init(netlink_init);
module_exit(netlink_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("haiyuexichen");
2、Makefile文件
obj-m += netlink.o
KDIR := ~/xxxxxxxxxxxxxx/kernel
PWD ?= $(shell pwd)
all:
make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
rm -rf *.o
3、用户态c文件socket.c
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <asm/types.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/socket.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define NETLINK_TEST (25)
#define MAX_PAYLOAD (1024)
#define TEST_PID (100)
int netlink_create_socket(void)
{
//create a socket
return socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_TEST);
}
int netlink_bind(int sock_fd)
{
struct sockaddr_nl addr;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
addr.nl_pid = TEST_PID;
addr.nl_groups = 0;
return bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
}
int netlink_send_message(int sock_fd, const unsigned char *message, int len,
unsigned int pid, unsigned int group)
{
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
struct sockaddr_nl dest_addr;
struct iovec iov;
struct msghdr msg;
if( !message ) {
return -1;
}
//create message
nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(NLMSG_SPACE(len));
if( !nlh ) {
perror("malloc");
return -2;
}
nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(len);
nlh->nlmsg_pid = TEST_PID;
nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0;
memcpy(NLMSG_DATA(nlh), message, len);
iov.iov_base = (void *)nlh;
iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len;
memset(&dest_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
dest_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
dest_addr.nl_pid = pid;
dest_addr.nl_groups = group;
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(struct msghdr));
msg.msg_name = (void *)&dest_addr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
//send message
if( sendmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0) < 0 )
{
printf("send error!\n");
free(nlh);
return -3;
}
free(nlh);
return 0;
}
int netlink_recv_message(int sock_fd, unsigned char *message, int *len)
{
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
struct sockaddr_nl source_addr;
struct iovec iov;
struct msghdr msg;
char buffer[1024];
int ret;
int state;
if( !message || !len ) {
return -1;
}
//create message
nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD));
if( !nlh ) {
perror("malloc");
return -2;
}
iov.iov_base = (void *)nlh;
iov.iov_len = NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD);
memset(&source_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(struct msghdr));
msg.msg_name = (void *)&source_addr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
/* ret = read(sock_fd, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
//printf("read buffer=%s ret=%d\r\n",buffer,ret);
for (int i = 0; i < ret;) {
char *event = buffer + i;
printf("read buffer=%s ret=%d\r\n",event,ret);
i += strlen(event) + 1;
}
*/
printf("ready to receive message!\n");
state = recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
if(state<0)
{
printf("recvmsg error!\n");
return -3;
}
*len = nlh->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_SPACE(0);
memcpy(message, (unsigned char *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh), *len);
/*
if ( recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0) < 0 ) {
printf("recvmsg error!\n");
return -3;
}
*len = nlh->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_SPACE(0);
memcpy(message, (unsigned char *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh), *len);
*/
free(nlh);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int sock_fd;
char buf[MAX_PAYLOAD];
int len;
if( argc < 2) {
printf("enter message!\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
sock_fd = netlink_create_socket();
if(sock_fd == -1) {
printf("socket error!\n");
return -1;
}
if( netlink_bind(sock_fd) < 0 ) {
perror("bind");
close(sock_fd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
netlink_send_message(sock_fd, argv[1], strlen(argv[1]) + 1, 0, 0);
while(1){
if( netlink_recv_message(sock_fd, buf, &len) == 0 ) {
printf("recv:%s len:%d\n", buf, len);
}
}
close(sock_fd);
return 0;
}
4、编译模块ko和用户态文件
5、把ko和用户层可执行文件push到android系统下,真机执行测试效果。