Latex 模板

以数学分析为例：//类似于头文件定义部分，引用了chapter1和chapter2子文件。（文件要放到同一目录下）

\documentclass[hyperref,UTF8,a4paper,openany,12pt]{ctexbook}
%\usepackage{ctex}
\usepackage{zhnumber}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subfigure}

\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{siunitx}

\usepackage{cases}

\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage[top=2.54cm, bottom=2.54cm, left=3.18cm, right=3.18cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[toc,lof]{multitoc}

\usepackage{asymptote}

\usepackage{hyperref}
\hypersetup{colorlinks,
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	citecolor=black,
	pdftitle={\Huge{《数学分析》讲义}},
	pdfauthor={SDAU},
	pdfsubject={极限, 连续, 分析},
	pdfkeywords={极限, 连续, 分析},
	pdfproducer={XeLaTeX},
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\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} %使subsubsection也有编号

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  {\heiti}%          Thm head font
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\theoremstyle{theoremwithoutdot}
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\newtheorem{theorem}{定理}[section]
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{引理}
\newtheorem{prop}[theorem]{命题}
\newtheorem{coro}{推论}[theorem]
\newtheorem{remark}{注}
\newtheorem{example}{例}[chapter]
\newtheorem{question}{题}[section]
\newtheorem{property}[theorem]{性质}
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\usepackage[perpage,stable]{footmisc}  %每页脚注重新编号
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% 脚注中的脚注序号不用上标，正文中的脚注号保持不变
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\allowdisplaybreaks[3]

\title{《数学分析》讲义}
\author{整理：SDAU\thanks{基于讲义整理，有修改和删节。}
\\ Email:\url{@.edu.cn}}
%\date{}

\makeatletter
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\hbox{}
\vspace*{\fill}

\vspace{\fill}
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\if@twocolumn\hbox{}\newpage\fi\fi\fi}
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%在插图目录图编号前加上“图”
%\usepackage{titletoc}
%\titlecontents{figure}[0.5cm]{\songti}{\figurename~\thecontentslabel\quad}{\hspace*{-1.5cm}}{\titlerule*[0.12cm]{.}\contentspage}[\addvspace{6pt}]

%旧的样式
%\usepackage{titlesec}
%\titleformat{\section}{\bf \xiaosan}{\thesection}{1em}{}

%新的样式
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage{xcolor,colortbl}
\usepackage{tgpagella}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

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\cellcolor{black} &\cellcolor{backcolor} \textcolor{white}
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\setlength\parskip{-0.1cm}%段前段后


\begin{document}

%	texpreamble("\usepackage[nosetpagesize]{color,graphicx}");
\begin{asydef}
	texpreamble("\usepackage{xeCJK}");
	texpreamble("\setCJKmainfont{SimSun}");
	usepackage("amsmath");
	usepackage("amssymb");
	usepackage("siunitx");
	import graph;
	import math;
\end{asydef}

\maketitle

\frontmatter

\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{第\zhnumber{\thechapter}章\ \ #1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ \ \rm #1}{}}	%这两个命令第一次必须出现在\pagestyle{fancy}之后，否则\pagestyle{fancy}会覆盖掉其效果
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{}{0mm}{\hspace{-0.5cm}\mysubsubsection}

\titlespacing{\chapter}
{0pc}{1.5ex plus .1ex minus .2ex}{.2pc}

\input{chapter/chapter2}
\input{chapter/chapter1}




\appendix

\titleformat{\chapter}[hang]{\hwyk\LARGE}
{}{0mm}{\hspace{-0.4cm}\myappendix}

\titleformat{\section}[hang]{\hwyk\Large}
{}{0mm}{\hspace{-0.5cm}\appendixsection}

\titleformat{\subsection}[hang]{\hwyk\large}
{}{0mm}{\hspace{-0.5cm}\appendixsubsection}

\titleformat{\subsubsection}[hang]{\hwyk\large}
{}{0mm}{\hspace{-0.5cm}\appendixsubsubsection}

\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{附录\ \ #1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ \ \rm #1}{}}	%这两个命令第一次必须出现在\pagestyle{fancy}之后，否则\pagestyle{fancy}会覆盖掉其效果
\markboth{\leftmark}{\rightmark}


\backmatter

\titleformat{\chapter}[hang]{\hwyk\LARGE}
{}{0mm}{\hspace{-0.4cm}\mybackmatter}

\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\listfigurename}{%
\let\oldnumberline\numberline%
\renewcommand{\numberline}{\figurename~\oldnumberline}%
\listoffigures
}

%参考文献
%\input{chapter/bibliography.tex}

\end{document}

///chapter1，部分应用样例（大物样例）

\chapter{Newton力学}

{\heiti 运动学}，描述运动现象；{\heiti 动力学}，揭示运动规律。

\section{正交曲线坐标系}
相关定义、定理、证明等环境

定量描述质点的运动必须选择作为基准的参考系，并在其上建立坐标系。
$$\mathrm{R},\mathbb{R},\mathbb{F},$$
\begin{theorem}
  定量描述质点的运动必须选择作为基准的参考系，并在其上建立坐标系。
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
  定量描述质点的运动必须选择作为基准的参考系，并在其上建立
  \begin{equation}
	\mathrm{d} \mbf{e}_\alpha = \mbf{0},\quad \alpha = 1,2,3
\end{equation}

直角坐标系是正交坐标系，它的基矢量满足  定量描述质点的运动必为
\end{proof}

直角坐标系是正交坐标系，它的基矢量满足  定量

\begin{lemma}
定量描述质点的运动必须选择作为基准的参考系，
\end{lemma}

\begin{prop}
定量描述质点的运动必须选择作为基准的参考系，
\end{prop}

\begin{defi}
defidefidefidefidefidefidefidefidefidefi
\end{defi}

\begin{coro}
定量描述质点的运动必须选择作为基准的参考系，
\end{coro}


\begin{question}
定量描述质点的运动必须选择作为基准的参考系，
\end{question}

\begin{solution}
定量描述质点的运动必须选择作为基准的参考系，并
\end{solution}

\begin{remark}
定量描述质点的运动必须选择作为基准的参考系，并
\end{remark}

球坐标$(r,\theta,\phi)$与直角坐标$(x,y,z)$之间的转换关系为
\begin{equation}
	\begin{cases}
		x = r\sin \theta \cos \phi \\
		y = r\sin \theta \sin \phi \\
		z = r\cos \theta
	\end{cases}
\end{equation}
在此转换关系下，位矢可以表示为
\begin{equation}
	\mbf{r} = x\mbf{e}_1 + y\mbf{e}_2 + z\mbf{e}_3 = \mbf{r}(r,\theta,\phi)
\end{equation}
形如$r = C_1$、$\theta = C_2$或$\phi = C_3$的曲面称为{\heiti 坐标面}，而坐标面两两相交形成{\heiti 坐标线}，在坐标在线只有一个坐标可变。取坐标线切线方向为坐标轴，正方向为相应坐标增大的方向。因此球坐标系的基矢量可以表示为球坐标系为正交系，也是右手系。其位移元素和距离元素分别为
\begin{align*}
	& \mathrm{d} \mbf{r} = \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl r} \mathrm{d} r + \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl \theta} \mathrm{d} \theta + \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl \phi} \mathrm{d} \phi = \mathrm{d} r \mbf{e}_r + r\mathrm{d} \theta \mbf{e}_\theta + r\sin \theta \mathrm{d} \phi \mbf{e}_\phi \\
	& (\mathrm{d} s)^2 = \mathrm{d} \mbf{r} \cdot \mathrm{d} \mbf{r} = (\mathrm{d} r)^2 + r^2 (\mathrm{d} \theta)^2 + r^2 \sin^2 \theta (\mathrm{d} \phi)^2
\end{align*}
柱坐标系为正交系，也是右手系。其位移元素和距离元素分别为
\begin{align*}
	\mathrm{d} \mbf{r} & = \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl \rho} \mathrm{d} \rho + \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl \phi} \mathrm{d} \phi + \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl z} \mathrm{d} z = \mathrm{d} \rho \mbf{e}_\rho + \rho\mathrm{d} \phi \mbf{e}_\phi + \mathrm{d} z \mbf{e}_z \\
	(\mathrm{d} s)^2 & = \mathrm{d} \mbf{r} \cdot \mathrm{d} \mbf{r} = (\mathrm{d} \rho)^2 + \rho^2 (\mathrm{d} \phi)^2 + (\mathrm{d} z)^2
\end{align*}
\begin{equation*}
	\delta \int_{t_1}^{t_2} \left[\lambda \left(\sum_{\alpha=1}^s p_\alpha \dot{q}_\alpha - H(\mbf{q},\mbf{p},t)\right) - \left(\sum_{\alpha=1}^s P_\alpha \dot{Q}_\alpha - K(\mbf{Q},\mbf{P},t)\right) - \frac{\mathrm{d} F_1}{\mathrm{d} t}(\mbf{Q},\mbf{P},t)\right] \mathrm{d} t = 0
\end{equation*}
故加速度的各个分量为

\begin{subnumcases}{\label{第一章：柱坐标系中的加速度}}
	a_\rho = \frac{1}{h_\rho} \left[\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \frac{\pl}{\pl \dot{\rho}}\left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right) - \frac{\pl}{\pl \rho}\left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right)\right] = \ddot{\rho}-\rho\dot{\phi}^2 \\
	a_\phi = \frac{1}{h_\phi} \left[\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \frac{\pl}{\pl \dot{\phi}}\left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right) - \frac{\pl}{\pl \phi}\left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right)\right] = \rho\ddot{\phi}+2\dot{\rho}\dot{\phi} \\
	a_z = \frac{1}{h_z} \left[\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \frac{\pl}{\pl \dot{z}}\left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right) - \frac{\pl}{\pl z}\left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right)\right] = \ddot{z}
\end{subnumcases}
\eqref{第一章：球坐标系中的速度}
\eqref{加速度的Lagrange公式}

%\begin{subnumcases}{\label{第一章：球坐标系中的加速度}}
%	a_r = \frac{1}{h_r} \left[\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \frac{\pl}{\pl \dot{r}}\left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right) - \frac{\pl}{\pl r}\left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right)\right] = \ddot{r}-r\dot{\theta}^2-r\dot{\phi}^2 \sin^2 \theta \\
%	a_\theta = \frac{1}{h_\theta} \left[\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \frac{\pl}{\pl \dot{\theta}}\left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right) - \frac{\pl}{\pl \theta}\left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right)\right] = r\ddot{\theta}+2\dot{r}\dot{\theta}-r\dot{\phi}^2 \sin \theta \cos \theta \\
%	a_\phi = \frac{1}{h_\phi} \left[\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \frac{\pl}{\pl \dot{\phi}}\left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right) - \frac{\pl}{\pl \phi}\left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right)\right] = r\ddot{\phi} \sin \theta + 2\dot{r}\dot{\phi}\sin \theta + 2r\dot{\theta}\dot{\phi}\cos \theta
%\end{subnumcases}
故加速度的各个分量为
\begin{align*}
	h_\alpha a_\alpha & = \ddot{\mbf{r}} \cdot \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\alpha} = \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \left(\dot{\mbf{r}} \cdot \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\alpha}\right) - \dot{\mbf{r}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\alpha} = \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \left(\dot{\mbf{r}} \cdot \frac{\pl \mbf{v}}{\pl \dot{q}_\alpha}\right) - \dot{\mbf{r}} \cdot \frac{\pl \mbf{v}}{\pl q_\alpha} \\
	& = \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \frac{\pl}{\pl \dot{q}_\alpha} \left(\frac12 \mbf{v} \cdot \mbf{v}\right) - \frac{\pl}{\pl q_\alpha} \left(\frac12 \mbf{v} \cdot \mbf{v}\right) = \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \frac{\pl}{\pl \dot{q}_\alpha} \left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right) - \frac{\pl}{\pl q_\alpha} \left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right)
\end{align*}
插图

\begin{figure}[!hbtp]
\center
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{happy.jpg}
\caption{Happiness,we have it!}\label{tuchap1-1}
\end{figure}


\begin{equation}
	\mbf{e}_r = \frac{1}{h_r} \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl r},\quad \mbf{e}_\theta = \frac{1}{h_\theta} \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl \theta},\quad \mbf{e}_\phi = \frac{1}{h_\phi} \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl \phi}
\end{equation}
其中
\begin{equation}
	\begin{cases}
		h_r = \left|\dfrac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl r}\right| = 1 \\
		h_\theta = \left|\dfrac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl \theta}\right| = r \\
		h_\phi = \left|\dfrac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl \phi}\right| = r\sin \theta
	\end{cases}
\end{equation}
称为{\heiti 度规系数}。球坐标系的基矢量可以具体计算如下：


\begin{equation*}
	\begin{cases}
		\mbf{e}_r = \sin \theta(\cos \phi \mbf{e}_1 + \sin \phi \mbf{e}_2) + \cos \theta \mbf{e}_3 \\
		\mbf{e}_\theta = \cos \theta(\cos \phi \mbf{e}_1 + \sin \phi \mbf{e}_2) - \sin \theta \mbf{e}_3 \\
		\mbf{e}_\phi = -\sin \phi \mbf{e}_1 + \cos \phi \mbf{e}_2
	\end{cases}
\end{equation*}

故加速度的各个分量为

公式统一label,Chap2-1,chap3-2

图也是\eqref{tuchap1-1}

\subsection{直角坐标系}
\subsection{球坐标系}





\subsection{柱坐标系}

柱坐标$(\rho,\phi,z)$与直角坐标$(x,y,z)$之间的转换关系为
\begin{equation}
	\begin{cases}
		x = \rho \cos \phi \\
		y = \rho \sin \phi \\
		z = z
	\end{cases}
\end{equation}
在此转换关系下，位矢可以表示为
\begin{equation*}
	\mbf{r} = x\mbf{e}_1 + y\mbf{e}_2 + z\mbf{e}_3 = \mbf{r}(\rho,\phi,z)
\end{equation*}
柱坐标系的坐标面为$\rho = C_1$、$\phi = C_2$和$z = C_3$。柱坐标系的基矢量可以表示为
\begin{equation}
	\mbf{e}_\rho = \frac{1}{h_\rho} \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl \rho},\quad \mbf{e}_\phi = \frac{1}{h_\phi} \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl \phi},\quad \mbf{e}_z = \frac{1}{h_z} \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl z}
\end{equation}
其中度规系数为
\begin{equation}
	\begin{cases}
		h_\rho = \left|\dfrac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl \rho}\right| = 1 \\
		h_\phi = \left|\dfrac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl \phi}\right| = \rho \\
		h_z = \left|\dfrac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl z}\right| = 1
	\end{cases}
\end{equation}
柱坐标系的基矢量可以具体计算如下：
\begin{equation}
	\begin{cases}
		\mbf{e}_\rho = \cos \phi \mbf{e}_1 + \sin \phi \mbf{e}_2 \\
		\mbf{e}_\phi = -\sin \phi \mbf{e}_1 + \cos \phi \mbf{e}_2 \\
		\mbf{e}_z = \mbf{e}_3
	\end{cases}
\end{equation}


\subsection{一般正交曲线坐标系}

设曲线坐标系的坐标为$(q_1,q_2,q_3)$，其与直角坐标$(x,y,z)$之间的转换关系为
\begin{equation}
\begin{cases}
	x = x(q_1,q_2,q_3) \\
	y = y(q_1,q_2,q_3) \\
	z = z(q_1,q_2,q_3)
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
在此转换关系下，位矢可以表示为
\begin{equation}
	\mbf{r} = x\mbf{e}_1 + y \mbf{e}_2 + z \mbf{e}_3 = \mbf{r}(q_1,q_2,q_3)
\end{equation}
此曲线坐标系的单位基矢量可以表示为
\begin{equation}
	\mbf{e}_\alpha = \dfrac{1}{h_\alpha} \dfrac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\alpha}
\end{equation}
其中度规系数表示为
\begin{equation}
	h_\alpha = \left|\dfrac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\alpha}\right|
\end{equation}
而曲线坐标系的正交性要求
\begin{equation}
	\mbf{e}_\alpha \cdot \mbf{e}_\beta = \delta_{\alpha\beta}
\end{equation}
由此，位移元素和距离元素分别为
\begin{align}
	\mathrm{d}\mbf{r} & = h_1\mbf{e}_1\mathrm{d}q_1 + h_2\mbf{e}_2\mathrm{d}q_2 + h_3\mbf{e}_3\mathrm{d}q_3 \\
	\mathrm{d}s^2 & = h_1^2(\mathrm{d}q_1)^2 + h_2^2(\mathrm{d}q_2)^2 + h_3^2(\mathrm{d}q_3)^2
\end{align}

动点的轨道记作$\mbf{r} = \mbf{r} (s)$，此处$s$为起点到当前位置的弧长。速度为
\subsection{正交曲线坐标系中速度与加速度的表示}

速度定义为$\mbf{v} = \dot{\mbf{r}}(t) = \dfrac{\mathrm{d} \mbf{r}}{\mathrm{d} t}(t)$，因此在曲线坐标系中有
\begin{equation}
	\mbf{v} = \frac{\mathrm{d} \mbf{r}}{\mathrm{d} t}(t) = \sum_{\alpha=1}^3 \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\alpha} \dot{q}_\alpha = \sum_{\alpha=1}^3 h_\alpha \dot{q}_\alpha \mbf{e}_\alpha
\end{equation}
记$\displaystyle \mbf{v} = \sum_{\alpha=1}^3 h_\alpha \dot{q}_\alpha \mbf{e}_\alpha =: \mbf{v}(\mbf{q},\dot{\mbf{q}})$，以及
\begin{equation}
	T = \frac12 v^2 = \frac12 \sum_{\alpha=1}^3 (h_\alpha \dot{q}_\alpha)^2 =: T (\mbf{q},\dot{\mbf{q}})
\end{equation}
加速度$\mbf{a} = \dot{\mbf{v}}(t) = \ddot{\mbf{r}}(t)$，在此曲线坐标系下可以分解为
\begin{equation*}
	\mbf{a} = \sum_{\alpha=1}^3 a_\alpha \mbf{e}_\alpha
\end{equation*}
加速度的分量为
\begin{equation}
	a_\alpha = \frac{1}{h_\alpha} \left[\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \frac{\pl}{\pl \dot{q}_\alpha} \left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right) - \frac{\pl}{\pl q_\alpha} \left(\frac{v^2}{2}\right)\right]
	\label{加速度的Lagrange公式}
\end{equation}
式\eqref{加速度的Lagrange公式}称为{\heiti Lagrange公式}。为了证明式\eqref{加速度的Lagrange公式}，首先考虑
\begin{equation}
	\mbf{v}(\mbf{q},\dot{\mbf{q}}) = \sum_{\alpha=1}^3 h_\alpha \dot{q}_\alpha \mbf{e}_\alpha = \sum_{\alpha=1}^3 \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\alpha} \dot{q}_\alpha
\end{equation}
因此有
\begin{align}
	\frac{\pl \mbf{v}}{\pl \dot{q}_\alpha} & = \sum_{\beta=1}^3 \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\beta} \frac{\pl \dot{q}_\beta}{\pl \dot{q}_\alpha} = \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\alpha} \label{Lagrange公式中间步骤1} \\
	\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t} \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\alpha} & = \sum_{\beta=1}^3 \frac{\pl}{\pl q_\beta} \left(\frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\alpha}\right) \dot{q}_\beta = \sum_{\beta=1}^3 \frac{\pl}{\pl q_\alpha} \left(\frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\beta}\right) \dot{q}_\beta = \frac{\pl}{\pl q_\alpha} \sum_{\beta=1}^3 \frac{\pl \mbf{r}}{\pl q_\beta} \dot{q}_\beta = \frac{\pl \mbf{v}}{\pl q_\alpha}
	\label{Lagrange公式中间步骤2}
\end{align}
根据式\eqref{Lagrange公式中间步骤1}和\eqref{Lagrange公式中间步骤2}，即有


\begin{example}[球坐标系中的速度、加速度表示]
在球坐标中，$h_r = 1,h_\theta = r,h_\phi =r\sin \theta$，因此
\begin{equation}
	\mbf{v} = \sum_{\alpha=1}^3 h_\alpha \dot{q}_\alpha \mbf{e}_\alpha = \dot{r} \mbf{e}_r + r\dot{\theta} \mbf{e}_\theta + r\dot{\phi}\sin \theta \mbf{e}_\phi
	\label{第一章：球坐标系中的速度}
\end{equation}
所以
\begin{equation*}
	v^2 = \mbf{v} \cdot \mbf{v} = \dot{r}^2 + r^2 \dot{\theta}^2 + r^2 \dot{\phi}^2 \sin^2 \theta
\end{equation*}
\end{example}

\begin{example}[柱坐标系中的速度、加速度表示]
柱坐标中，$h_\rho = 1,h_\phi = r,h_z = 1$，因此
\begin{equation}
	\mbf{v} = \sum_{\alpha=1}^3 h_\alpha \dot{q}_\alpha \mbf{e}_\alpha = \dot{\rho} \mbf{e}_\rho + \rho\dot{\phi} \mbf{e}_\phi + \dot{z} \mbf{e}_z
	\label{第一章：柱坐标系中的速度}
\end{equation}
所以
\begin{equation*}
	v^2 = \mbf{v} \cdot \mbf{v} = \dot{\rho}^2 + \rho^2 \dot{\phi}^2 + \dot{z}^2
\end{equation*}
\end{example}

///chapter2 

chapter2内写自己要打的内容，，