SpringMVC RESTful 实践demo

1.REST是一种web service架构风格,而不是技术,如果一个架构符合REST原则,就称它为RESTful架构。

RESTful风格的架构都是对资源的操作,所有资源应该是名词而不是动词。

创建一个资源 : POST
检索一个资源 : GET
更新一个资源: PUT
删除一个资源: DELETE

下面是一个实例演示怎样使用HTTP的请求来操作资源。

GET: /students 将返回所有student的信息

GET: /students/101 将返回id为101的学生信息

POST: /students/101 将新建id为101的学生信息

PUT: /students/101 将更新id为101的学生信息

DELETE: /students/101 将删除id为101的学生信息

2.pom.xml文件如下:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringMVC_RESTful</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>SpringMVC_RESTful Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>SpringMVC_RESTful</finalName>
    </build>
</project>

2.web.xml文件如下:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3.springmvc-servlet.xml文件如下:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">

    <!-- 启用spring mvc 注解 -->
    <context:annotation-config />
    <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example" />

   <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
    <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver 一种试图解析器 -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
        id="internalResourceViewResolver">

        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>

        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
</beans>

4.实体类

public class Student {
    private long id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, String sex) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public Student(long id, String name, String sex) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
}

5.DAO

package com.example.dao;  

import java.util.List;  

import com.example.model.Student;  

public interface StudentDao {  
    public Student addStudent(Student student);  
    public long deleteStudent(Long id);  
    public Student queryOneStudent(Long id);  
    public Student changeStudent(Student student);  
    public List<Student> getStudentList();  
}  

6.StudentDaoImpl

package com.example.dao.impl;  

import java.util.ArrayList;  
import java.util.List;  

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;  

import com.example.dao.StudentDao;  
import com.example.model.Student;  

@Repository("studentDao")  
public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {  

    private static List<Student> students;  
    {  
        students = new ArrayList<Student>();  
        students.add(new Student(101, "Mike", "male"));  
        students.add(new Student(102, "Huang", "male"));  
        students.add(new Student(103, "Mao", "female"));  
    }  

    public Student addStudent(Student student) {  
        //student.setId(System.currentTimeMillis());  
        students.add(student);  
        return student;  
    }  

    public long deleteStudent(Long id) {  
        for (Student student : students) {  
            if (student.getId() == id){  
                students.remove(student);  
                return id;  
            }  
        }  
        return id;  
    }  

    public Student queryOneStudent(Long id) {  
        for (Student student : students) {  
            if (student.getId() == id){  
                return student;  
            }  
        }  
        return null;  
    }  

    public Student changeStudent(Student student) {  
        for (Student s : students) {  
            if (s.getId() == student.getId()){  
                return student;  
            }  
        }  
        return null;  
    }  

    public List<Student> getStudentList() {  
        return students;  
    }  

}  

7.控制层,这里将对应HTTP请求的方式,在RequestMethod中选择方式,用@PathVariable注解来标记id。

package com.example.controller;  

import java.util.List;  

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;  
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;  
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;  
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;  

import com.example.dao.StudentDao;  
import com.example.model.Student;  


@RestController()  
public class StudentController {  

    @Autowired  
    private StudentDao studentDao;  

    @RequestMapping(value = "/students", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
    @ResponseBody  
    public List<Student> getStudentList() {  
        List<Student> students = studentDao.getStudentList();  
        return students;  
    }  

    @RequestMapping(value = "/students/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)  

    public ResponseEntity<Student>  queryOneStudent(@PathVariable("id") long id) {  
        Student student = studentDao.queryOneStudent(id);  
        return new ResponseEntity<Student>(student,HttpStatus.OK);  
    }  

    @RequestMapping(value = "/students/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)  
    public ResponseEntity<Long> deleteStudent(@PathVariable("id") long id) {  
        long showId = studentDao.deleteStudent(id);  
        return new ResponseEntity<Long>(showId,HttpStatus.OK);  
    }  

    @RequestMapping(value = "/students/{id}", method = RequestMethod.POST)  
    public ResponseEntity<Student> addStudent(@PathVariable("id") long id) {  
        Student student = new Student(id,"rex", "male");  
        student = studentDao.addStudent(student);  
        return new ResponseEntity<Student>(student,HttpStatus.OK);  
    }  

    @RequestMapping(value = "/students/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)  
    public ResponseEntity<Student> changeStudent(@PathVariable("id") long id) {  
        Student student = new Student(id,"leona", "female");  
        student = studentDao.changeStudent(student);  
        return new ResponseEntity<Student>(student,HttpStatus.OK);  
    }  

}  

8.使用google浏览器的扩展应用 POSTMAN 来进行测试,可以很方便的选择请求方式。
这里写图片描述

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