算法的深入浅出--9.面试基础问题（2）.

目录

一、旋转正方形矩阵

二、反转单向和双向链表

三、“之” 字形打印矩阵

四、旋转打印矩阵

四、判断一个链表是否为回文结构

五、将单向链表按某值划分成左边小、 中间相等、 右边大的形式

---

一、旋转正方形矩阵

给定一个 整型正方形矩阵matr ix，请把该矩阵调整成顺时针旋转90度的样子。
(要求]额外空间复 杂度为0(1)。

public class RotateMatrix {
    public static void rotate(int[][] matrix){
        int tR=0;
        int tC=0;
        int dR=matrix.length-1;
        int dC=matrix[0].length-1;
        while(tR<dR){
            rotateEdge(matrix,tR++,tC++,dR--,dC--);
        }
    }

    private static void rotateEdge(int[][] matrix, int tR, int tC, int dR, int dC) {
        int times=dC-tC;
        int tmp=0;
        for(int i=0;i!=times;i++){
            tmp=matrix[tR][tC+i];
            matrix[tR][tC + i] = matrix[dR - i][tC];
            matrix[dR - i][tC] = matrix[dR][dC - i];
            matrix[dR][dC - i] = matrix[tR + i][dC];
            matrix[tR + i][dC] = tmp;
        }
        }
    }
}

二、反转单向和双向链表

 分别实现反转单向链表和反转双向链表的函数。
【要求】 如果链表长度为N， 时间复杂度要求为O(N)， 额外空间
复杂度要求为O(1)

package cn.mxl.work.problem;

/**
 * #
 * # 　　　┏┓　　　┏┓
 * # 　　┏┛┻━━━┛┻┓
 * # 　　┃　　　　　　　 ┃
 * # 　　┃　　　━　　　 ┃
 * # 　　┃　┳┛　┗┳　┃
 * # 　　┃　　　　　　　 ┃
 * # 　　┃　　　┻　　　 ┃
 * # 　　┃　　　　　　　 ┃
 * # 　　┗━┓　　　┏━┛Codes are far away from bugs with the animal protecting
 * # 　　　　┃　　　┃    神兽保佑,代码无bug
 * # 　　　　┃　　　┃
 * # 　　　　┃　　　┗━━━┓
 * # 　　　　┃　　　　　 ┣┓
 * # 　　　　┃　　　　 ┏┛
 * # 　　　　┗┓┓┏━┳┓┏┛
 * # 　　　　　┃┫┫　┃┫┫
 * # 　　　　　┗┻┛　┗┻┛
 */
public class ReverseList {
    public static class Node{
        public int value;
        public Node next;
        public Node(int data){
            this.value=data;
        }
    }

    public  static Node reverseList(Node head){
        Node pre=null;
        Node next=null;
        while(head!=null){
            next=head.next;
            head.next=pre;
            pre=head;
            head=next;
        }
        return  pre;
    }

    public static class DoubleNode {
        public int value;
        public DoubleNode last;
        public DoubleNode next;

        public DoubleNode(int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }
    }

    public static DoubleNode reverseList(DoubleNode head) {
        DoubleNode pre = null;
        DoubleNode next = null;
        while (head != null) {
            next = head.next;
            head.next = pre;
            head.last = next;
            pre = head;
            head = next;
        }
        return pre;
    }

    public static void printLinkedList(Node head) {
        System.out.print("Linked List: ");
        while (head != null) {
            System.out.print(head.value + " ");
            head = head.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void printDoubleLinkedList(DoubleNode head) {
        System.out.print("Double Linked List: ");
        DoubleNode end = null;
        while (head != null) {
            System.out.print(head.value + " ");
            end = head;
            head = head.next;
        }
        System.out.print("| ");
        while (end != null) {
            System.out.print(end.value + " ");
            end = end.last;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Node head1 = new Node(1);
        head1.next = new Node(2);
        head1.next.next = new Node(3);
        printLinkedList(head1);
        head1 = reverseList(head1);
        printLinkedList(head1);

        DoubleNode head2 = new DoubleNode(1);
        head2.next = new DoubleNode(2);
        head2.next.last = head2;
        head2.next.next = new DoubleNode(3);
        head2.next.next.last = head2.next;
        head2.next.next.next = new DoubleNode(4);
        head2.next.next.next.last = head2.next.next;
        printDoubleLinkedList(head2);
        printDoubleLinkedList(reverseList(head2));

    }
}

三、“之” 字形打印矩阵

 给定一个矩阵matrix， 按照“之” 字形的方式打印这
个矩阵， 例如： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
“之” 字形打印的结果为： 1， 2， 5， 9， 6， 3， 4， 7， 10， 11，
8， 12
【要求】 额外空间复杂度为O(1)。

public class ZigZagPrintMatrix {
    public static void printMatrixZigZag(int[][] matrix) {
        int tR = 0;
        int tC = 0;
        int dR = 0;
        int dC = 0;
        int endR = matrix.length - 1;
        int endC = matrix[0].length - 1;
        boolean fromUp = false;
        while (tR != endR + 1) {
            printLevel(matrix, tR, tC, dR, dC, fromUp);
            tR = tC == endC ? tR + 1 : tR;
            tC = tC == endC ? tC : tC + 1;  
//上面两个的顺序不能调换
            dC = dR == endR ? dC + 1 : dC;
            dR = dR == endR ? dR : dR + 1;
//上面两个的顺序不能调换
            fromUp = !fromUp;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void printLevel(int[][] m, int tR, int tC, int dR, int dC,
                                  boolean f) {
        if (f) {
            while (tR != dR + 1) {
                System.out.print(m[tR++][tC--] + " ");
            }
        } else {
            while (dR != tR - 1) {
                System.out.print(m[dR--][dC++] + " ");
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[][] matrix = { { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, { 5, 6, 7, 8 }, { 9, 10, 11, 12 } };
        printMatrixZigZag(matrix);

    }
}

四、旋转打印矩阵

public class PrintMatrixSpiralOrder {
    public static void spiralOrderPrint(int[][] matrix) {
        int tR = 0;
        int tC = 0;
        int dR = matrix.length - 1;
        int dC = matrix[0].length - 1;
        while (tR <= dR && tC <= dC) {
            printEdge(matrix, tR++, tC++, dR--, dC--);
        }
    }

    public static void printEdge(int[][] m, int tR, int tC, int dR, int dC) {
        if (tR == dR) {
            for (int i = tC; i <= dC; i++) {
                System.out.print(m[tR][i] + " ");
            }
        } else if (tC == dC) {
            for (int i = tR; i <= dR; i++) {
                System.out.print(m[i][tC] + " ");
            }
        } else {
            int curC = tC;
            int curR = tR;
            while (curC != dC) {
                System.out.print(m[tR][curC] + " ");
                curC++;
            }
            while (curR != dR) {
                System.out.print(m[curR][dC] + " ");
                curR++;
            }
            while (curC != tC) {
                System.out.print(m[dR][curC] + " ");
                curC--;
            }
            while (curR != tR) {
                System.out.print(m[curR][tC] + " ");
                curR--;
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[][] matrix = {
                { 1, 2, 3, 4 },
                { 5, 6, 7, 8 },
                { 9, 10, 11, 12 },
                { 13, 14, 15, 16 }
        };
        spiralOrderPrint(matrix);

    }

}

四、判断一个链表是否为回文结构

给定一个链表的头节点head， 请判断该链表是否为回
文结构。 例如： 1->2->1， 返回true。 1->2->2->1， 返回true。
15->6->15， 返回true。 1->2->3， 返回false。
进阶： 如果链表长度为N， 时间复杂度达到O(N)， 额外空间复杂
度达到O(1)

import java.util.Stack;

public class IsPalindromeList {
    public static class Node {
        public int value;
        public Node next;

        public Node(int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }
    }

    // need n extra space
    public static boolean isPalindrome1(Node head) {
        Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
        Node cur = head;
        while (cur != null) {
            stack.push(cur);
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        while (head != null) {
            if (head.value != stack.pop().value) {
                return false;
            }
            head = head.next;
        }
        return true;
    }

    // need n/2 extra space
    public static boolean isPalindrome2(Node head) {
        if (head == null || head.next == null) {
            return true;
        }
        Node right = head.next;
        Node cur = head;
        while (cur.next != null && cur.next.next != null) {
            right = right.next;
            cur = cur.next.next;
        }
        Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
        while (right != null) {
            stack.push(right);
            right = right.next;
        }
        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            if (head.value != stack.pop().value) {
                return false;
            }
            head = head.next;
        }
        return true;
    }

    // need O(1) extra space
    public static boolean isPalindrome3(Node head) {
        if (head == null || head.next == null) {
            return true;
        }
        Node n1 = head;
        Node n2 = head;
        while (n2.next != null && n2.next.next != null) { // find mid node
            n1 = n1.next; // n1 -> mid
            n2 = n2.next.next; // n2 -> end
        }
        n2 = n1.next; // n2 -> right part first node
        n1.next = null; // mid.next -> null
        Node n3 = null;
        while (n2 != null) { // right part convert
            n3 = n2.next; // n3 -> save next node
            n2.next = n1; // next of right node convert
            n1 = n2; // n1 move
            n2 = n3; // n2 move
        }
        n3 = n1; // n3 -> save last node
        n2 = head;// n2 -> left first node
        boolean res = true;
        while (n1 != null && n2 != null) { // check palindrome
            if (n1.value != n2.value) {
                res = false;
                break;
            }
            n1 = n1.next; // left to mid
            n2 = n2.next; // right to mid
        }
        n1 = n3.next;
        n3.next = null;
        while (n1 != null) { // recover list
            n2 = n1.next;
            n1.next = n3;
            n3 = n1;
            n1 = n2;
        }
        return res;
    }

    public static void printLinkedList(Node node) {
        System.out.print("Linked List: ");
        while (node != null) {
            System.out.print(node.value + " ");
            node = node.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Node head = null;
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(1);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next = new Node(3);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next = new Node(1);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next = new Node(3);
        head.next.next.next = new Node(1);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next.next = new Node(1);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next = new Node(3);
        head.next.next.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next.next.next = new Node(1);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

    }
}

五、将单向链表按某值划分成左边小、 中间相等、 右边大的形式

给定一个单向链表的头节点head， 节点的值类型是整型， 再给定一个整 数pivot。 实现一个调整链表的函数， 将链表调整为左部分都是值小于 pivot的节点， 中间部分都是值等于pivot的节点， 右部分都是值大于 pivot的节点。除这个要求外， 对调整后的节点顺序没有更多的要求。 例如： 链表9->0->4->5->1， pivot=3。 调整后链表可以是1->0->4->9->5， 也可以是0->1->9->5->4。 总之， 满 足左部分都是小于3的节点， 中间部分都是等于3的节点（本例中这个部分为空） ， 右部分都是大于3的节点即可。 对某部分内部的节点顺序不做 要求。

进阶： 在原问题的要求之上再增加如下两个要求。在左、 中、 右三个部分的内部也做顺序要求， 要求每部分里的节点从左 到右的顺序与原链表中节点的先后次序一致。 例如： 链表9->0->4->5->1， pivot=3。调整后的链表是0->1->9->4->5。 在满足原问题要求的同时， 左部分节点从左到右为0、 1。 在原链表中也 是先出现0， 后出现1；中间部分在本例中为空， 不再讨论； 右部分节点 从左到右为9、 4、 5。 在原链表中也是先出现9， 然后出现4，
最后出现5。如果链表长度为N， 时间复杂度请达到O(N)， 额外空间复杂度请达到O(1)。

public class SmallerEqualBigger {
    public static class Node {
        public int value;
        public Node next;

        public Node(int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }
    }

    public static Node listPartition1(Node head, int pivot) {
        if (head == null) {
            return head;
        }
        Node cur = head;
        int i = 0;
        while (cur != null) {
            i++;
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        Node[] nodeArr = new Node[i];
        i = 0;
        cur = head;
        for (i = 0; i != nodeArr.length; i++) {
            nodeArr[i] = cur;
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        arrPartition(nodeArr, pivot);
        for (i = 1; i != nodeArr.length; i++) {
            nodeArr[i - 1].next = nodeArr[i];
        }
        nodeArr[i - 1].next = null;
        return nodeArr[0];
    }

    public static void arrPartition(Node[] nodeArr, int pivot) {
        int small = -1;
        int big = nodeArr.length;
        int index = 0;
        while (index != big) {
            if (nodeArr[index].value < pivot) {
                swap(nodeArr, ++small, index++);
            } else if (nodeArr[index].value == pivot) {
                index++;
            } else {
                swap(nodeArr, --big, index);
            }
        }
    }

    public static void swap(Node[] nodeArr, int a, int b) {
        Node tmp = nodeArr[a];
        nodeArr[a] = nodeArr[b];
        nodeArr[b] = tmp;
    }

    public static Node listPartition2(Node head, int pivot) {
        Node sH = null; // small head
        Node sT = null; // small tail
        Node eH = null; // equal head
        Node eT = null; // equal tail
        Node bH = null; // big head
        Node bT = null; // big tail
        Node next = null; // save next node
        // every node distributed to three lists
        while (head != null) {
            next = head.next;
            head.next = null;
            if (head.value < pivot) {
                if (sH == null) {
                    sH = head;
                    sT = head;
                } else {
                    sT.next = head;
                    sT = head;
                }
            } else if (head.value == pivot) {
                if (eH == null) {
                    eH = head;
                    eT = head;
                } else {
                    eT.next = head;
                    eT = head;
                }
            } else {
                if (bH == null) {
                    bH = head;
                    bT = head;
                } else {
                    bT.next = head;
                    bT = head;
                }
            }
            head = next;
        }
        // small and equal reconnect
        if (sT != null) {
            sT.next = eH;
            eT = eT == null ? sT : eT;
        }
        // all reconnect
        if (eT != null) {
            eT.next = bH;
        }
        return sH != null ? sH : eH != null ? eH : bH;
    }

    public static void printLinkedList(Node node) {
        System.out.print("Linked List: ");
        while (node != null) {
            System.out.print(node.value + " ");
            node = node.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Node head1 = new Node(7);
        head1.next = new Node(9);
        head1.next.next = new Node(1);
        head1.next.next.next = new Node(8);
        head1.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);
        head1.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(2);
        head1.next.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);
        printLinkedList(head1);
        // head1 = listPartition1(head1, 4);
        head1 = listPartition2(head1, 5);
        printLinkedList(head1);

    }
}