Ribbon简介
Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器,它有助于控制HTTP和TCP客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务器提供者地址列表后,Ribbon就可就某种负载均衡算法那,自动地帮助服务消费者去请求,Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多的负载均衡算法,例如轮询,随机等。我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
服务消费端的编写步骤
- 添加依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.book.rpc.dubbo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-client</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>dubbo-client</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
<version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>1.4.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- 修改RestTemplate
主要的依赖为spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon
为RestTemplate添加@LoadBalanced注解
只需要添加注解即可完成整合,使其具有负载均衡的能力
- 修改控制器
添加以下代码到控制器
@Autowired
private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
然后将提供端的地址改为地工段的applicationname,开启的多个服务提供者的applicationname应该一致,Ribbon和Eureka可通过applicationname进行地址映射,改变了通过书写服务提供端地址的硬编码形式。修改完即可完成
- 自定义Ribbon(使用java代码)
- 创建Ribbon配置类**(此类不能被ComponentScan扫描到)如果被扫描到,该类的配置信息将被所有的@RibbonClient共享**
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class RibbonConfiguration {
@Bean
public IRule ribbonRule(){
return new RandomRule();
}
}
即可,如需指定特定的服务提供者使用特定的负载均衡规则,可添加以下代码来完成
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@RibbonClient(name = "springbootprovider",configuration = RibbonConfiguration.class)
public class TestConfiguration {
}