c++ 迭代器种类，查看相应的容器的迭代器类型

标准库当中的5种迭代器类型

// ITERATOR STUFF (from <iterator>)
// ITERATOR TAGS (from <iterator>)
struct input_iterator_tag {};

struct output_iterator_tag {};

struct forward_iterator_tag : input_iterator_tag {};

struct bidirectional_iterator_tag : forward_iterator_tag {};

struct random_access_iterator_tag : bidirectional_iterator_tag {};

#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <deque>
#include <type_traits>
#include <boost/type_index.hpp>
using namespace std;

/*随机迭代器*/
void _display_category(random_access_iterator_tag mytag)
{
	cout << "random_access_iterator_tag" << endl;
}
/*双向迭代器*/
void _display_category(bidirectional_iterator_tag mytag)
{
	cout << "bidirectional_iterator_tag" << endl;
}
/*前向迭代器*/
void _display_category(forward_iterator_tag mytag)
{
	cout << "forward_iterator_tag" << endl;
}
/*输出型迭代器*/
void _display_category(output_iterator_tag mytag)
{
	cout << "output_iterator_tag" << endl;
}
/*输出型迭代器*/
void _display_category(input_iterator_tag mytag)
{
	cout << "input_iterator_tag" << endl;
}

/*定义一个函数模板，用来查看相应容器的迭代器种类*/
template <typename T>
void display_category(T iter)
{
	typename iterator_traits<T>::iterator_category cagy;
	_display_category(cagy);
};

int main()
{
	display_category(vector<int>::iterator());
	display_category(list<int>::iterator());
	display_category(deque<int>::iterator());
	display_category(map<int,int>::iterator());
    return 0;
}

2：原理探索

/*
	(1)    vector<int>::iterator()  ->   _Vector_iterator
	        相当于T -> _Vector_iterator
	
	(2)    typename iterator_traits<T>::iterator_category cagy;
	       相当于 -> typename iterator_traits<_Vector_iterator>::iterator_category cagy;
	
	template <class _Iter>
    struct iterator_traits : _Iterator_traits_base<_Iter> {}; // get traits from iterator _Iter, if possible
	
	template <class _Iter>
    struct _Iterator_traits_base<_Iter,
    void_t<typename _Iter::iterator_category, typename _Iter::value_type, typename _Iter::difference_type,
        typename _Iter::pointer, typename _Iter::reference>> {
    // defined if _Iter::* types exist
    using iterator_category = typename _Iter::iterator_category;
    using value_type = typename _Iter::value_type;
    using difference_type = typename _Iter::difference_type;
    using pointer = typename _Iter::pointer;
    using reference = typename _Iter::reference;
    };
	
	(3)
	typename iterator_traits<_Vector_iterator>::iterator_category cagy -> 

	_Vector_iterator::iterator_category cagy -> random_access_iterator_tag  cagy;

	最终得到迭代器的类型。
	*/

iterator_traits：给进去迭代器的类型，萃取出迭代器的种类——给进去一种类型，萃取出另外一种类型。