QCNA学习笔记-网络层基础

IP基础

互联网协议，IP协议栈（internet protocol）

• 无连接协议
• 结构化的编址，用于寻址和转发
• 尽力而为的逐跳转发
• 与媒介无关，但是可以适应多种数据链路
• IPv4和IPv6

IP（v4）地址格式和表示方法

• 网络号用于区分不同的IP网络
• 主机号用于标识该网络内的一个IP节点
• 掩码用于确认网络和主机，由连续的（2进制）1和0组成,其中1（对应的IP的部分）代表网络，0代表主机
• 192.168.1.100（点分十进制的32位），由掩码决定含义，切记没有掩码的IP都是耍流氓！

   

IPv4地址分类

特殊的IP地址

远程管理：

Telnet（23）

R1和SW1的管理VLAN1实现通信
R1作为一个被远程管理的设备
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#password qytang
R1(config-line)#login //开关
R1(config-line)#transport input telnet 
测试：
SW1#telnet 10.1.11.1
Trying 10.1.11.1 ... Open


User Access Verification

Password:
R1>
验证：
R1#show users
    Line       User       Host(s)              Idle       Location
*  0 con 0                idle                 00:00:00   
   2 vty 0                idle                 00:01:06 10.1.11.2
=================================

SSH（22）（secure shell）

思科设备

enable password cisco
hostname R1
ip domain name qytang
username ender password qytang
crypto key generate rsa 
How many bits in the modulus [512]: 768
line vty 0 4
 login local
 transport input ssh
测试：
R2#ssh -l ender 202.100.1.1 
Password: 
查看和验证
R1#show users 
    Line       User       Host(s)              Idle       Location
   0 con 0                idle                 00:00:25   
*  2 vty 0     ender      idle                 00:00:00 202.100.1.2

  Interface    User               Mode         Idle     Peer Address
R1#show tcp brief 
TCB       Local Address               Foreign Address             (state)
E4AEEF00  202.100.1.1.22             202.100.1.2.52148           ESTAB
----------------------------

华为设备

aaa
local-user ender password cipher %$%$f+s:0d8G&Q8\"!WCcjAF~O6u%$%$
 local-user ender privilege level 15
 local-user ender service-type ssh
stelnet server enable
ssh user ender authentication-type password
user-interface vty 0 4
 authentication-mode aaa
 protocol inbound ssh
R2的测试：
[R2]ssh client first-time enable
[R2]stelnet 202.100.1.1 
Please input the username:ender
Trying 202.100.1.1 ...
Press CTRL+K to abort
Connected to 202.100.1.1 ...
The server is not authenticated. Continue to access it? (y/n)[n]:y
Oct 30 2019 21:25:08-08:00 R2 %%01SSH/4/CONTINUE_KEYEXCHANGE(l)[1]:The server had not been authenticated in the process of exchanging keys. When deciding whether to continue, the user chose Y. 
[R2]
Save the server's public key? (y/n)[n]:y
The server's public key will be saved with the name 202.100.1.1. Please wait...

Oct 30 2019 21:25:13-08:00 R2 %%01SSH/4/SAVE_PUBLICKEY(l)[2]:When deciding whether to save the server's public key 202.100.1.1, the user chose Y. 
[R2]
Enter password:
<HW-R1>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[HW-R1]