用pip安装GDAL时出错解决办法

用pip安装gdal会报错：

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple gdal

 错误代码如下：

原因：GDAL不是纯净的python库，无法像pip install requests这样安装库文件。

  Building wheel for gdal (setup.py) ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: 'd:\program\anaconda3\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\PC-CYQ\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-n61e5cwp\\gdal\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\PC-CYQ\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-n61e5cwp\\gdal\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d 'C:\Users\PC-CYQ\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-b1i402a_'
       cwd: C:\Users\PC-CYQ\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-n61e5cwp\gdal\
  Complete output (32 lines):
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
  copying gdal.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
  copying ogr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
  copying osr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
  copying gdalconst.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
  copying gdalnumeric.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
  creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
  copying osgeo\gdal.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
  copying osgeo\gdalconst.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
  copying osgeo\gdalnumeric.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
  copying osgeo\gdal_array.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
  copying osgeo\gnm.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
  copying osgeo\ogr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
  copying osgeo\osr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
  copying osgeo\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
  Fixing build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\gdal.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\ogr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\gdalconst.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\gdalnumeric.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdal.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdalconst.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdalnumeric.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdal_array.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gnm.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\ogr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\osr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\__init__.py
  Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
  Fixing build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\gdal.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\ogr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\gdalconst.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\gdalnumeric.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdal.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdalconst.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdalnumeric.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdal_array.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gnm.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\ogr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\osr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\__init__.py
  Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
  running build_ext
  building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
  creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.6
  creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release
  creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release\extensions
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -Id:\program\anaconda3\include -Id:\program\anaconda3\include -Id:\program\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.14393.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.14393.0\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.14393.0\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.14393.0\winrt" /EHsc /Tpextensions/gdal_wrap.cpp /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release\extensions/gdal_wrap.obj
  gdal_wrap.cpp
  extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp(3173): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'cpl_port.h': No such file or directory
  error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\BIN\\x86_amd64\\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for gdal
  Running setup.py clean for gdal
Failed to build gdal
Installing collected packages: gdal
    Running setup.py install for gdal ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'd:\program\anaconda3\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\PC-CYQ\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-n61e5cwp\\gdal\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\PC-CYQ\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-n61e5cwp\\gdal\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\PC-CYQ\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-rqe9ylsx\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'd:\program\anaconda3\Include\gdal'
         cwd: C:\Users\PC-CYQ\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-n61e5cwp\gdal\
    Complete output (32 lines):
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
    copying gdal.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
    copying ogr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
    copying osr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
    copying gdalconst.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
    copying gdalnumeric.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
    copying osgeo\gdal.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
    copying osgeo\gdalconst.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
    copying osgeo\gdalnumeric.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
    copying osgeo\gdal_array.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
    copying osgeo\gnm.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
    copying osgeo\ogr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
    copying osgeo\osr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
    copying osgeo\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo
    Fixing build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\gdal.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\ogr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\gdalconst.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\gdalnumeric.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdal.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdalconst.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdalnumeric.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdal_array.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gnm.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\ogr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\osr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\__init__.py
    Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
    Fixing build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\gdal.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\ogr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\gdalconst.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\gdalnumeric.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdal.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdalconst.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdalnumeric.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gdal_array.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\gnm.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\ogr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\osr.py build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\osgeo\__init__.py
    Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
    running build_ext
    building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
    creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.6
    creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release
    creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release\extensions
    C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -Id:\program\anaconda3\include -Id:\program\anaconda3\include -Id:\program\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.14393.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.14393.0\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.14393.0\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.14393.0\winrt" /EHsc /Tpextensions/gdal_wrap.cpp /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release\extensions/gdal_wrap.obj
    gdal_wrap.cpp
    extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp(3173): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'cpl_port.h': No such file or directory
    error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\BIN\\x86_amd64\\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'd:\program\anaconda3\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\PC-CYQ\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-n61e5cwp\\gdal\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\PC-CYQ\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-n61e5cwp\\gdal\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\PC-CYQ\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-rqe9ylsx\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'd:\program\anaconda3\Include\gdal' Check the logs for full command output.

解决办法： 

根据自己的python版本，下载对应的GDAL安装文件

1.官网下载，下载地址：https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#gdal 

可能下载缓慢，或下载失败

2.网盘下载：

GDAL-2.2.4-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl和GDAL-2.2.4-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl：

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1yyz4eERmZgzAwTZryrI1dA 密码: 468c

GDAL-2.2.4-cp27-cp27m-win_amd64.whl：

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Yfj4tcgJ2iSxqEc3XC39Hw 密码：9hrj

安装：

pip install GDAL-2.2.4-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl