Python Numpy

1. numpy.where

numpy. where ( condition [, x, y ] )

Return elements, either from x or y, depending on condition.

If only condition is given, return condition.nonzero().

Parameters:	condition : array_like, bool When True, yield x, otherwise yield y. x, y : array_like, optional Values from which to choose. x, y and condition need to bebroadcastable to some shape.
Returns:	out : ndarray or tuple of ndarrays If both x and y are specified, the output array containselements of x where condition is True, and elements fromy elsewhere. If only condition is given, return the tuplecondition.nonzero(), the indices where condition is True.

Notes

If x and y are given and input arrays are 1-D, where isequivalent to:

[xv if c else yv for (c,xv,yv) in zip(condition,x,y)]

Examples

>>> np.where([[True, False], [True, True]], #当condition值为真时，从X中对应位置取数，为假时，从Y中对应位置取数。
...          [[1, 2], [3, 4]],
...          [[9, 8], [7, 6]])
array([[1, 8],
       [3, 4]])

>>> np.where([[0, 1], [1, 0]])
(array([0, 1]), array([1, 0]))

>>> x = np.arange(9.).reshape(3, 3)
>>> np.where( x > 5 )
(array([2, 2, 2]), array([0, 1, 2]))
>>> x[np.where( x > 3.0 )]               # Note: result is 1D.
array([ 4.,  5.,  6.,  7.,  8.])
>>> np.where(x < 5, x, -1)               # Note: broadcasting.
array([[ 0.,  1.,  2.],
       [ 3.,  4., -1.],
       [-1., -1., -1.]])

Find the indices of elements of x that are in goodvalues.

>>> goodvalues = [3, 4, 7]
>>> ix = np.isin(x, goodvalues)
>>> ix
array([[False, False, False],
       [ True,  True, False],
       [False,  True, False]])
>>> np.where(ix)
(array([1, 1, 2]), array([0, 1, 1]))