数据结构 5 之二分搜索树
1 二分搜索树基础
1、将数据使用数据结构存储后,效率出奇的高效
2、二分搜索树
3、平衡二叉树:AVL;红黑树
4、堆;并查集
5、线段树;Trie(字典树,前缀树)
1、二叉树具有天然递归结构
2、每个节点的左子树也是二叉树
3、每个节点的右子树也是二叉树
4、二叉树不一定是满的
1、二分搜索树也是二叉树
2、二叉树的相关术语在二分搜索树同样适用,例如:根节点,叶子节点,父节点,子结点,左字数和右子树
3、二分搜索树的每个节点的值大于其左子树的所有节点的值,小于其右子树的所有节点的值
4、二分搜索树存储的元素必须有可比较性
public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>> {
private class Node {
public E e;
public Node left, right;
public Node(E e) {
this.e = e;
left = null;
right = null;
}
}
private Node root;
private int size;
public BST(){
root = null;
size = 0;
}
public int size(){
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size == 0;
}
}
2 向二分搜索树中添加元素
public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>> {
private class Node {
public E e;
public Node left, right;
public Node(E e) {
this.e = e;
left = null;
right = null;
}
}
private Node root;
private int size;
public BST(){
root = null;
size = 0;
}
public int size(){
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size == 0;
}
// 向二分搜索树中添加新的元素e
public void add(E e){
if(root == null){
root = new Node(e);
size ++;
}
else
add(root, e);
}
// 向以node为根的二分搜索树中插入元素e,递归算法
private void add(Node node, E e){
if(e.equals(node.e))
//相等则不添加
return;
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0 && node.left == null){
node.left = new Node(e);
size ++;
return;
}
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0 && node.right == null){
node.right = new Node(e);
size ++;
return;
}
if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
add(node.left, e);
else //e.compareTo(node.e) > 0
add(node.right, e);
}
//leetcode 803
public int uniqueMorseRepresentations(String[] words) {
String[] codes = {".-","-...","-.-.","-..",".","..-.","--.","....","..",".---","-.-",".-..","--","-.","---",".--.","--.-",".-.","...","-","..-","...-",".--","-..-","-.--","--.."};
BST<String> bst = new BST<>();
for(String word: words){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0 ; i < word.length() ; i ++)
res.append(codes[word.charAt(i) - 'a']);
bst.add(res.toString());
}
return bst.size();
}
}
3 改进添加操作-深入理解递归终止条件
public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>> {
private class Node {
public E e;
public Node left, right;
public Node(E e) {
this.e = e;
left = null;
right = null;
}
}
private Node root;
private int size;
public BST(){
root = null;
size = 0;
}
public int size(){
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size == 0;
}
// 向二分搜索树中添加新的元素e
public void add(E e){
root = add(root, e);
}
// 向以node为根的二分搜索树中插入元素e,递归算法
// 返回插入新节点后二分搜索树的根
private Node add(Node node, E e){
if(node == null){
size ++;
return new Node(e);
}
if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
node.left = add(node.left, e);
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0)
node.right = add(node.right, e);
return node;
}
}
4 二分搜索树的查询操作
public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>> {
private class Node {
public E e;
public Node left, right;
public Node(E e) {
this.e = e;
left = null;
right = null;
}
}
private Node root;
private int size;
public BST(){
root = null;
size = 0;
}
public int size(){
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size == 0;
}
// 向二分搜索树中添加新的元素e
public void add(E e){
root = add(root, e);
}
// 向以node为根的二分搜索树中插入元素e,递归算法
// 返回插入新节点后二分搜索树的根
private Node add(Node node, E e){
if(node == null){
size ++;
return new Node(e);
}
if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
node.left = add(node.left, e);
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0)
node.right = add(node.right, e);
return node;
}
// 看二分搜索树中是否包含元素e
public boolean contains(E e){
return contains(root, e);
}
// 看以node为根的二分搜索树中是否包含元素e, 递归算法
private boolean contains(Node node, E e){
if(node == null)
return false;
if(e.compareTo(node.e) == 0)
return true;
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
return contains(node.left, e);
else // e.compareTo(node.e) > 0
return contains(node.right, e);
}
}
5 二分搜索树的前序遍历
public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>> {
private class Node {
public E e;
public Node left, right;
public Node(E e) {
this.e = e;
left = null;
right = null;
}
}
private Node root;
private int size;
public BST(){
root = null;
size = 0;
}
public int size(){
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size == 0;
}
// 向二分搜索树中添加新的元素e
public void add(E e){
root = add(root, e);
}
// 向以node为根的二分搜索树中插入元素e,递归算法
// 返回插入新节点后二分搜索树的根
private Node add(Node node, E e){
if(node == null){
size ++;
return new Node(e);
}
if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
node.left = add(node.left, e);
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0)
node.right = add(node.right, e);
return node;
}
// 看二分搜索树中是否包含元素e
public boolean contains(E e){
return contains(root, e);
}
// 看以node为根的二分搜索树中是否包含元素e, 递归算法
private boolean contains(Node node, E e){
if(node == null)
return false;
if(e.compareTo(node.e) == 0)
return true;
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
return contains(node.left, e);
else // e.compareTo(node.e) > 0
return contains(node.right, e);
}
// 二分搜索树的前序遍历
public void preOrder(){
preOrder(root);
}
// 前序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树, 递归算法
private void preOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
System.out.println(node.e);
preOrder(node.left);
preOrder(node.right);
}
@Override
public String toString(){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
generateBSTString(root, 0, res);
return res.toString();
}
// 生成以node为根节点,深度为depth的描述二叉树的字符串
private void generateBSTString(Node node, int depth, StringBuilder res){
if(node == null){
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + "null\n");
return;
}
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + node.e + "\n");
generateBSTString(node.left, depth + 1, res);
generateBSTString(node.right, depth + 1, res);
}
private String generateDepthString(int depth){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0 ; i < depth ; i ++)
res.append("--");
return res.toString();
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BST<Integer> bst = new BST<>();
int[] nums = {5, 3, 6, 8, 4, 2};
for(int num: nums)
bst.add(num);
/
// 5 //
// / \ //
// 3 6 //
// / \ \ //
// 2 4 8 //
/
bst.preOrder();
System.out.println();
System.out.println(bst);
}
}
5
3
2
4
6
8
5
--3
----2
------null
------null
----4
------null
------null
--6
----null
----8
------null
------null
6 二叉树的中序遍历和后序遍历
public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>> {
private class Node {
public E e;
public Node left, right;
public Node(E e) {
this.e = e;
left = null;
right = null;
}
}
private Node root;
private int size;
public BST(){
root = null;
size = 0;
}
public int size(){
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size == 0;
}
// 向二分搜索树中添加新的元素e
public void add(E e){
root = add(root, e);
}
// 向以node为根的二分搜索树中插入元素e,递归算法
// 返回插入新节点后二分搜索树的根
private Node add(Node node, E e){
if(node == null){
size ++;
return new Node(e);
}
if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
node.left = add(node.left, e);
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0)
node.right = add(node.right, e);
return node;
}
// 看二分搜索树中是否包含元素e
public boolean contains(E e){
return contains(root, e);
}
// 看以node为根的二分搜索树中是否包含元素e, 递归算法
private boolean contains(Node node, E e){
if(node == null)
return false;
if(e.compareTo(node.e) == 0)
return true;
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
return contains(node.left, e);
else // e.compareTo(node.e) > 0
return contains(node.right, e);
}
// 二分搜索树的前序遍历
public void preOrder(){
preOrder(root);
}
// 前序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树, 递归算法
private void preOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
System.out.println(node.e);
preOrder(node.left);
preOrder(node.right);
}
// 二分搜索树的中序遍历
public void inOrder(){
inOrder(root);
}
// 中序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树, 递归算法
private void inOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
inOrder(node.left);
System.out.println(node.e);
inOrder(node.right);
}
// 二分搜索树的后序遍历
public void postOrder(){
postOrder(root);
}
// 后序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树, 递归算法
private void postOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
postOrder(node.left);
postOrder(node.right);
System.out.println(node.e);
}
@Override
public String toString(){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
generateString(root, 0, res);
return res.toString();
}
// 生成以node为根节点,深度为depth的描述二叉树的字符串
private void generateString(Node node, int depth, StringBuilder res){
if(node == null){
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + "null\n");
return;
}
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + node.e + "\n");
generateString(node.left, depth + 1, res);
generateString(node.right, depth + 1, res);
}
private String generateDepthString(int depth){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0 ; i < depth ; i ++)
res.append("--");
return res.toString();
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BST<Integer> bst = new BST<>();
int[] nums = {5, 3, 6, 8, 4, 2};
for(int num: nums)
bst.add(num);
/
// 5 //
// / \ //
// 3 6 //
// / \ \ //
// 2 4 8 //
/
bst.preOrder();
System.out.println();
bst.inOrder();
System.out.println();
bst.postOrder();
System.out.println();
}
}
5
3
2
4
6
8
2
3
4
5
6
8
2
4
3
8
6
5
注意:
二分搜索树中序遍历的结果是元素排序的结果
7 深入理解二分搜索树的前中后序遍历
8 二分搜索树前序遍历的非递归实现
import java.util.Stack;
public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>> {
private class Node {
public E e;
public Node left, right;
public Node(E e) {
this.e = e;
left = null;
right = null;
}
}
private Node root;
private int size;
public BST(){
root = null;
size = 0;
}
public int size(){
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size == 0;
}
// 向二分搜索树中添加新的元素e
public void add(E e){
root = add(root, e);
}
// 向以node为根的二分搜索树中插入元素e,递归算法
// 返回插入新节点后二分搜索树的根
private Node add(Node node, E e){
if(node == null){
size ++;
return new Node(e);
}
if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
node.left = add(node.left, e);
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0)
node.right = add(node.right, e);
return node;
}
// 看二分搜索树中是否包含元素e
public boolean contains(E e){
return contains(root, e);
}
// 看以node为根的二分搜索树中是否包含元素e, 递归算法
private boolean contains(Node node, E e){
if(node == null)
return false;
if(e.compareTo(node.e) == 0)
return true;
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
return contains(node.left, e);
else // e.compareTo(node.e) > 0
return contains(node.right, e);
}
// 二分搜索树的前序遍历
public void preOrder(){
preOrder(root);
}
// 前序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树, 递归算法
private void preOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
System.out.println(node.e);
preOrder(node.left);
preOrder(node.right);
}
// 二分搜索树的非递归前序遍历
public void preOrderNR(){
Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
stack.push(root);
while(!stack.isEmpty()){
Node cur = stack.pop();
System.out.println(cur.e);
if(cur.right != null)
stack.push(cur.right);
if(cur.left != null)
stack.push(cur.left);
}
}
@Override
public String toString(){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
generateString(root, 0, res);
return res.toString();
}
// 生成以node为根节点,深度为depth的描述二叉树的字符串
private void generateString(Node node, int depth, StringBuilder res){
if(node == null){
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + "null\n");
return;
}
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + node.e + "\n");
generateString(node.left, depth + 1, res);
generateString(node.right, depth + 1, res);
}
private String generateDepthString(int depth){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0 ; i < depth ; i ++)
res.append("--");
return res.toString();
}
}
5
3
2
4
6
8
5
3
2
4
6
8
Process finished with exit code 0
9 二分搜索树的层序遍历
1、前中后序遍历又称为深度优先遍历
2、层序遍历又称为广度优先遍历
public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>> {
private class Node {
public E e;
public Node left, right;
public Node(E e) {
this.e = e;
left = null;
right = null;
}
}
private Node root;
private int size;
public BST(){
root = null;
size = 0;
}
public int size(){
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size == 0;
}
// 向二分搜索树中添加新的元素e
public void add(E e){
root = add(root, e);
}
// 向以node为根的二分搜索树中插入元素e,递归算法
// 返回插入新节点后二分搜索树的根
private Node add(Node node, E e){
if(node == null){
size ++;
return new Node(e);
}
if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
node.left = add(node.left, e);
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0)
node.right = add(node.right, e);
return node;
}
// 看二分搜索树中是否包含元素e
public boolean contains(E e){
return contains(root, e);
}
// 看以node为根的二分搜索树中是否包含元素e, 递归算法
private boolean contains(Node node, E e){
if(node == null)
return false;
if(e.compareTo(node.e) == 0)
return true;
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
return contains(node.left, e);
else // e.compareTo(node.e) > 0
return contains(node.right, e);
}
// 二分搜索树的层序遍历
public void levelOrder(){
Queue<Node> q = new LinkedList<>();
q.add(root);
while(!q.isEmpty()){
//出队
Node cur = q.remove();
System.out.println(cur.e);
if(cur.left != null)
//入队
q.add(cur.left);
if(cur.right != null)
q.add(cur.right);
}
}
@Override
public String toString(){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
generateString(root, 0, res);
return res.toString();
}
// 生成以node为根节点,深度为depth的描述二叉树的字符串
private void generateString(Node node, int depth, StringBuilder res){
if(node == null){
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + "null\n");
return;
}
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + node.e + "\n");
generateString(node.left, depth + 1, res);
generateString(node.right, depth + 1, res);
}
private String generateDepthString(int depth){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0 ; i < depth ; i ++)
res.append("--");
return res.toString();
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BST<Integer> bst = new BST<>();
int[] nums = {5, 3, 6, 8, 4, 2};
for(int num: nums)
bst.add(num);
/
// 5 //
// / \ //
// 3 6 //
// / \ \ //
// 2 4 8 //
/
bst.levelOrder();
System.out.println();
}
}
5
3
6
2
4
8
Process finished with exit code 0
广度优先遍历的意义
1、更快的找到问题的解
2、常用于算法设计中-最短路径
9 删除二分搜索树的最大元素和最小元素
最小:某一个节点再没有左孩子了;
最大:某一个节点再没有右孩子了;
如果最小值是叶子节点,直接删除就好,但是有一种特殊情况,如果最小节点有右子树,则需要将整个右子树作为最小值节点父节点的左子树,最大值同理。
public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>> {
private class Node{
public E e;
public Node left, right;
public Node(E e){
this.e = e;
left = null;
right = null;
}
}
private Node root;
private int size;
public BST(){
root = null;
size = 0;
}
public int size(){
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size == 0;
}
// 向二分搜索树中添加新的元素e
public void add(E e){
root = add(root, e);
}
// 向以node为根的二分搜索树中插入元素e,递归算法
// 返回插入新节点后二分搜索树的根
private Node add(Node node, E e){
if(node == null){
size ++;
return new Node(e);
}
if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
node.left = add(node.left, e);
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0)
node.right = add(node.right, e);
return node;
}
// 看二分搜索树中是否包含元素e
public boolean contains(E e){
return contains(root, e);
}
// 看以node为根的二分搜索树中是否包含元素e, 递归算法
private boolean contains(Node node, E e){
if(node == null)
return false;
if(e.compareTo(node.e) == 0)
return true;
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
return contains(node.left, e);
else // e.compareTo(node.e) > 0
return contains(node.right, e);
}
// 二分搜索树的前序遍历
public void preOrder(){
preOrder(root);
}
// 前序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树, 递归算法
private void preOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
System.out.println(node.e);
preOrder(node.left);
preOrder(node.right);
}
// 二分搜索树的非递归前序遍历
public void preOrderNR(){
Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
stack.push(root);
while(!stack.isEmpty()){
Node cur = stack.pop();
System.out.println(cur.e);
if(cur.right != null)
stack.push(cur.right);
if(cur.left != null)
stack.push(cur.left);
}
}
// 二分搜索树的中序遍历
public void inOrder(){
inOrder(root);
}
// 中序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树, 递归算法
private void inOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
inOrder(node.left);
System.out.println(node.e);
inOrder(node.right);
}
// 二分搜索树的后序遍历
public void postOrder(){
postOrder(root);
}
// 后序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树, 递归算法
private void postOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
postOrder(node.left);
postOrder(node.right);
System.out.println(node.e);
}
// 二分搜索树的层序遍历
public void levelOrder(){
Queue<Node> q = new LinkedList<>();
q.add(root);
while(!q.isEmpty()){
Node cur = q.remove();
System.out.println(cur.e);
if(cur.left != null)
q.add(cur.left);
if(cur.right != null)
q.add(cur.right);
}
}
// 寻找二分搜索树的最小元素
public E minimum(){
if(size == 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("BST is empty");
Node minNode = minimum(root);
return minNode.e;
}
// 返回以node为根的二分搜索树的最小值所在的节点
private Node minimum(Node node){
//向左走已经走不动了,就返回
if( node.left == null )
return node;
return minimum(node.left);
}
// 寻找二分搜索树的最大元素
public E maximum(){
if(size == 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("BST is empty");
return maximum(root).e;
}
// 返回以node为根的二分搜索树的最大值所在的节点
private Node maximum(Node node){
if( node.right == null )
return node;
return maximum(node.right);
}
// 从二分搜索树中删除最小值所在节点, 返回最小值
public E removeMin(){
E ret = minimum();
root = removeMin(root);
return ret;
}
// 删除掉以node为根的二分搜索树中的最小节点
// 返回删除节点后新的二分搜索树的根
private Node removeMin(Node node){
if(node.left == null){
//保存右子树
Node rightNode = node.right;
node.right = null;
size --;
return rightNode;
}
node.left = removeMin(node.left);
return node;
}
// 从二分搜索树中删除最大值所在节点
public E removeMax(){
E ret = maximum();
root = removeMax(root);
return ret;
}
// 删除掉以node为根的二分搜索树中的最大节点
// 返回删除节点后新的二分搜索树的根
private Node removeMax(Node node){
if(node.right == null){
Node leftNode = node.left;
node.left = null;
size --;
return leftNode;
}
node.right = removeMax(node.right);
return node;
}
@Override
public String toString(){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
generateBSTString(root, 0, res);
return res.toString();
}
// 生成以node为根节点,深度为depth的描述二叉树的字符串
private void generateBSTString(Node node, int depth, StringBuilder res){
if(node == null){
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + "null\n");
return;
}
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + node.e +"\n");
generateBSTString(node.left, depth + 1, res);
generateBSTString(node.right, depth + 1, res);
}
private String generateDepthString(int depth){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0 ; i < depth ; i ++)
res.append("--");
return res.toString();
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BST<Integer> bst = new BST<>();
Random random = new Random();
int n = 10;
// test removeMin
for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++)
bst.add(random.nextInt(10000));
ArrayList<Integer> nums = new ArrayList<>();
while(!bst.isEmpty())
nums.add(bst.removeMin());
System.out.println(nums);
for(int i = 1 ; i < nums.size() ; i ++)
if(nums.get(i - 1) > nums.get(i))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Error!");
System.out.println("removeMin test completed.");
// test removeMax
for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++)
bst.add(random.nextInt(10000));
nums = new ArrayList<>();
while(!bst.isEmpty())
nums.add(bst.removeMax());
System.out.println(nums);
for(int i = 1 ; i < nums.size() ; i ++)
if(nums.get(i - 1) < nums.get(i))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Error!");
System.out.println("removeMax test completed.");
}
}
[564, 1327, 1700, 2140, 3965, 4037, 4344, 5740, 6029, 6940]
removeMin test completed.
[9874, 9845, 7798, 7430, 6035, 4467, 3281, 2063, 1736, 1695]
removeMax test completed.
Process finished with exit code 0
10 二分搜索树删除节点
1、删除只有左孩子的节点,和删除最大值(有左子树)一样
2、删除只有右孩子的节点,和删除最小值(有右子树)一样
3、删除左右都有孩子的节点
public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>> {
private class Node{
public E e;
public Node left, right;
public Node(E e){
this.e = e;
left = null;
right = null;
}
}
private Node root;
private int size;
public BST(){
root = null;
size = 0;
}
public int size(){
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size == 0;
}
// 向二分搜索树中添加新的元素e
public void add(E e){
root = add(root, e);
}
// 向以node为根的二分搜索树中插入元素e,递归算法
// 返回插入新节点后二分搜索树的根
private Node add(Node node, E e){
if(node == null){
size ++;
return new Node(e);
}
if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
node.left = add(node.left, e);
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0)
node.right = add(node.right, e);
return node;
}
// 看二分搜索树中是否包含元素e
public boolean contains(E e){
return contains(root, e);
}
// 看以node为根的二分搜索树中是否包含元素e, 递归算法
private boolean contains(Node node, E e){
if(node == null)
return false;
if(e.compareTo(node.e) == 0)
return true;
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
return contains(node.left, e);
else // e.compareTo(node.e) > 0
return contains(node.right, e);
}
// 二分搜索树的前序遍历
public void preOrder(){
preOrder(root);
}
// 前序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树, 递归算法
private void preOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
System.out.println(node.e);
preOrder(node.left);
preOrder(node.right);
}
// 二分搜索树的非递归前序遍历
public void preOrderNR(){
Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
stack.push(root);
while(!stack.isEmpty()){
Node cur = stack.pop();
System.out.println(cur.e);
if(cur.right != null)
stack.push(cur.right);
if(cur.left != null)
stack.push(cur.left);
}
}
// 二分搜索树的中序遍历
public void inOrder(){
inOrder(root);
}
// 中序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树, 递归算法
private void inOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
inOrder(node.left);
System.out.println(node.e);
inOrder(node.right);
}
// 二分搜索树的后序遍历
public void postOrder(){
postOrder(root);
}
// 后序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树, 递归算法
private void postOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
postOrder(node.left);
postOrder(node.right);
System.out.println(node.e);
}
// 二分搜索树的层序遍历
public void levelOrder(){
Queue<Node> q = new LinkedList<>();
q.add(root);
while(!q.isEmpty()){
Node cur = q.remove();
System.out.println(cur.e);
if(cur.left != null)
q.add(cur.left);
if(cur.right != null)
q.add(cur.right);
}
}
// 寻找二分搜索树的最小元素
public E minimum(){
if(size == 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("BST is empty!");
return minimum(root).e;
}
// 返回以node为根的二分搜索树的最小值所在的节点
private Node minimum(Node node){
if(node.left == null)
return node;
return minimum(node.left);
}
// 寻找二分搜索树的最大元素
public E maximum(){
if(size == 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("BST is empty");
return maximum(root).e;
}
// 返回以node为根的二分搜索树的最大值所在的节点
private Node maximum(Node node){
if(node.right == null)
return node;
return maximum(node.right);
}
// 从二分搜索树中删除最小值所在节点, 返回最小值
public E removeMin(){
E ret = minimum();
root = removeMin(root);
return ret;
}
// 删除掉以node为根的二分搜索树中的最小节点
// 返回删除节点后新的二分搜索树的根
private Node removeMin(Node node){
if(node.left == null){
Node rightNode = node.right;
node.right = null;
size --;
return rightNode;
}
node.left = removeMin(node.left);
return node;
}
// 从二分搜索树中删除最大值所在节点
public E removeMax(){
E ret = maximum();
root = removeMax(root);
return ret;
}
// 删除掉以node为根的二分搜索树中的最大节点
// 返回删除节点后新的二分搜索树的根
private Node removeMax(Node node){
if(node.right == null){
Node leftNode = node.left;
node.left = null;
size --;
return leftNode;
}
node.right = removeMax(node.right);
return node;
}
// 从二分搜索树中删除元素为e的节点
public void remove(E e){
root = remove(root, e);
}
// 删除掉以node为根的二分搜索树中值为e的节点, 递归算法
// 返回删除节点后新的二分搜索树的根
Node remove(Node node, E e){
if( node == null )
return null;
if( e.compareTo(node.e) < 0 ){
node.left = remove(node.left , e);
return node;
}
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0 ){
node.right = remove(node.right, e);
return node;
}
else{ // e.compareTo(node.e) == 0
// 待删除节点左子树为空的情况
if(node.left == null){
Node rightNode = node.right;
node.right = null;
size --;
return rightNode;
}
// 待删除节点右子树为空的情况
if(node.right == null){
Node leftNode = node.left;
node.left = null;
size --;
return leftNode;
}
// 待删除节点左右子树均不为空的情况
// 找到比待删除节点大的最小节点, 即待删除节点右子树的最小节点
// 用这个节点顶替待删除节点的位置
Node successor = new Node(minimum(node.right).e);
size ++;
successor.right = removeMin(node.right);
successor.left = node.left;
node.left = node.right = null;
size --;
return successor;
}
}
@Override
public String toString(){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
generateBSTString(root, 0, res);
return res.toString();
}
// 生成以node为根节点,深度为depth的描述二叉树的字符串
private void generateBSTString(Node node, int depth, StringBuilder res){
if(node == null){
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + "null\n");
return;
}
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + node.e +"\n");
generateBSTString(node.left, depth + 1, res);
generateBSTString(node.right, depth + 1, res);
}
private String generateDepthString(int depth){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0 ; i < depth ; i ++)
res.append("--");
return res.toString();
}
}
public class Main {
// 打乱数组顺序
private static void shuffle(Object[] arr){
for(int i = arr.length - 1 ; i >= 0 ; i --){
int pos = (int) (Math.random() * (i + 1));
Object t = arr[pos];
arr[pos] = arr[i];
arr[i] = t;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BST<Integer> bst = new BST<>();
Random random = new Random();
int n = 100;
for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++)
bst.add(random.nextInt(n));
// 注意, 由于随机生成的数据有重复, 所以bst中的数据数量大概率是小于n的
// order数组中存放[0...n)的所有元素
Integer[] order = new Integer[n];
for( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ )
order[i] = i;
// 打乱order数组的顺序
shuffle(order);
// 乱序删除[0...n)范围里的所有元素
for( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ )
if(bst.contains(order[i])){
bst.remove(order[i]);
System.out.println("After remove " + order[i] + ", size = " + bst.size() );
}
// 最终整个二分搜索树应该为空
System.out.println(bst.size());
}
}
也可以查找前驱