Nginx特性、安装、配置

Nginx

反向代理

负载均衡

动静分离

集群

Nginx在windows系统重启等操作

查看nginx的版本号：nginx -v

启动nginx：start nginx

快速停止或关闭nginx：nginx -s stop

正常停止或关闭nginx：nginx -s quit

配置文件nginx.conf修改重装载命令：nginx -s reload

nginx解决内容安全策略CSP（Content-Security-Policy）配置方式

将以下代码复制到nginx.config文件中的server中

add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self' www.baidu.com(此处填写正确地址) 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' blob: data: ;";
add_header X-Xss-Protection "1;mode=block";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;

Nginx做反向代理服务器

会根据客户请求，分派到不同的服务器访问

特点

稳定性强，7*24不间断运行

提供丰富配置实例

占用内存少，并发能力强

安装

可以在Hub.Daoclud官网找到Nginx的docker安装镜像

docker下安装nginx

cd /opt/

mkdir docker_nginx

cd docker_nginx

vi docker-compose.yml

将一下代码放入此文件中

version:'3.1'
services:
  nginx:
    restart:always
    image:daocloud.io/library/nginx:latest
    container_name:nginx
    ports:
      - 80:80

继续执行命令

docker-compose up -d

打开浏览器访问http://ip进入到nginx页面

nginx配置文件

docker ps 查看容器

进入容器内 docker exec -it 容器id bash

cd /etc/nginx

cat nginx.conf内容如下

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

#以上统称全局快，worker_processes数值越大代表nginx并发能力越强
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
#worker_connections数值越大，并发能力越强

http {
    include       mime.types;#代表引入外部文件，里面放大量媒体类型
    default_type  application/octet-stream;#代表默认使用的媒体类型

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}