百问网驱动大全学习（二）I2C驱动
i2c的驱动分为两个方面的驱动：
- 芯片I2C控制器的驱动
- I2C外设的驱动
一、I2C外设驱动
我们首先来看看I2C外设驱动如何编写，我们以100ask生产的STM32MP157板子为例，板子上有一个三合一的传感器模块，通过I2C协议来与它进行通信。
我们参考at24.c来编写一个简单的I2C驱动程序框架i2c_drv_example.c，完整的代码会在附录一种给出
（一）简单的I2C驱动程序框架
首先是复制头文件，然后是把入口函数和出口函数复制过来，如下所示
static int __init at24_init(void)
{
if (!at24_io_limit) {
pr_err("at24: at24_io_limit must not be 0!\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
at24_io_limit = rounddown_pow_of_two(at24_io_limit);
return i2c_add_driver(&at24_driver);
}
module_init(at24_init);
static void __exit at24_exit(void)
{
i2c_del_driver(&at24_driver);
}
module_exit(at24_exit);
上面的一段代码是at24.c的入口函数和出口函数，在入口函数里面，调用i2c_add_driver注册了一个at24_driver的结构体变量，我们来看看这个at24_driver变量是个什么东西
static struct i2c_driver at24_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "at24",
.of_match_table = at24_of_match,
.acpi_match_table = ACPI_PTR(at24_acpi_ids),
},
.probe_new = at24_probe,
.remove = at24_remove,
.id_table = at24_ids,
};
它是一个i2c_driver结构体变量，里面有id_table和of_match_table，这两个变量是I2C驱动和I2C设备匹配的重要参考。当设备和驱动匹配上时，就会调用i2c_driver里面的probe_new函数（在4.9内核是probe函数）。在probe_new函数里完成字符设备的分配、设置、注册。
我们先来看看of_match_table
static const struct of_device_id at24_of_match[] = {
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c00", .data = &at24_data_24c00 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c01", .data = &at24_data_24c01 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24cs01", .data = &at24_data_24cs01 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c02", .data = &at24_data_24c02 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24cs02", .data = &at24_data_24cs02 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24mac402", .data = &at24_data_24mac402 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24mac602", .data = &at24_data_24mac602 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,spd", .data = &at24_data_spd },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c04", .data = &at24_data_24c04 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24cs04", .data = &at24_data_24cs04 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c08", .data = &at24_data_24c08 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24cs08", .data = &at24_data_24cs08 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c16", .data = &at24_data_24c16 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24cs16", .data = &at24_data_24cs16 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c32", .data = &at24_data_24c32 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24cs32", .data = &at24_data_24cs32 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c64", .data = &at24_data_24c64 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24cs64", .data = &at24_data_24cs64 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c128", .data = &at24_data_24c128 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c256", .data = &at24_data_24c256 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c512", .data = &at24_data_24c512 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c1024", .data = &at24_data_24c1024 },
{ .compatible = "atmel,24c2048", .data = &at24_data_24c2048 },
{ /* END OF LIST */ },
};
这是at24.c的of_match_table，compatible属性一般格式为厂商,产品名，我们在i2c_drv_example.c里写成
static const struct of_device_id i2c_example_of_match[] = {
{ .compatible = "lite-on,ap3216c", .data = NULL },
{ /* END OF LIST */ },
};
还有id_table，我们写成如下的形式
static const struct i2c_device_id i2c_example_ids[] = {
{ "ap3216c", (long unsigned int)NULL },
{ /* END OF LIST */ }
};
然后把probe函数和remove函数也拿过来，修改成我们自己的probe函数和remove函数，这里只做了简单的打印
static int i2c_example_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
{
printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return 0;
}
static int i2c_example_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
{
printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return 0;
}
把完整的i2c_drv_example.c编译成.ko文件，并且在157上安装好，还需要手动添加一个设备节点，以匹配我们的i2c_drv_example.c。我们使用如下命令进行添加i2c设备节点
echo ap3216c 0x1e > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-0/new_device
当运行这个命令时，就会和我们的驱动程序匹配，并且会打印出probe函数被调用的信息
要删除这个i2c设备节点也很简单，类似的有如下的命令
echo 0x1e > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-0/delete_device
运行这条指令，我们的驱动程序的remove函数就会被调用
我们简单的I2C驱动框架就到这里，接着，我们要去编写读取ap3216c的数据的驱动程序和测试应用
（二）ap3216c的驱动
我们在i2c_drv_example.c的基础上来编写ap3216c的驱动，这一步也很简单，就是字符设备驱动的套路，分配主设备号，创建类，创建设备节点，最核心的地方是file_operations结构体变量的设置，其中的open和read函数是我们字符设备驱动程序的核心，驱动代码和测试代码在附录二给出。
然后在open和read函数里面，就可以使用i2c-core-smbus.c里面的i2c_smbus_read_byte_data函数和i2c_smbus_write_byte函数与ap3216c模块进行通信，整个程序也很简单。
二、I2C控制器驱动
更新中
附录一、简单的I2C驱动程序框架
i2c_drv_example.c
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/of_device.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/mod_devicetable.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/property.h>
#include <linux/acpi.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/nvmem-provider.h>
#include <linux/regmap.h>
#include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
static const struct i2c_device_id i2c_example_ids[] = {
{ "ap3216c", (long unsigned int)NULL },
{ /* END OF LIST */ }
};
static const struct of_device_id i2c_example_of_match[] = {
{ .compatible = "lite-on,ap3216c", .data = NULL },
{ /* END OF LIST */ },
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, i2c_example_of_match);
static int i2c_example_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
{
printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return 0;
}
static int i2c_example_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
{
printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return 0;
}
static struct i2c_driver i2c_example_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "ap3216c",
.of_match_table = i2c_example_of_match,
},
.probe_new = i2c_example_probe,
.remove = i2c_example_remove,
.id_table = i2c_example_ids,
};
static int __init i2c_example_init(void)
{
return i2c_add_driver(&i2c_example_driver);
}
module_init(i2c_example_init);
static void __exit i2c_example_exit(void)
{
i2c_del_driver(&i2c_example_driver);
}
module_exit(i2c_example_exit);
MODULE_AUTHOR("www.100ask.net");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
附录二、ap3216c的驱动
驱动代码
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/of_device.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/mod_devicetable.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/property.h>
#include <linux/acpi.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/nvmem-provider.h>
#include <linux/regmap.h>
#include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
static int major = 0;
static struct class *ap3216c_class;
static struct i2c_client * ap3216c_client;
int ap3216c_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(ap3216c_client, 0, 0x4);
mdelay(20); /* delay 20ms */
i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(ap3216c_client, 0, 0x3);
mdelay(250); /* delay 20ms */
return 0;
}
ssize_t ap3216c_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf,
size_t size, loff_t *pos)
{
char kernel_buf[6];
int ret;
printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
ret = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(ap3216c_client, 0xA);
kernel_buf[0] = ret & 0xff;
kernel_buf[1] = (ret >> 8) & 0xff;
mdelay(20); /* delay 20ms */
ret = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(ap3216c_client, 0xC);
kernel_buf[2] = ret & 0xff;
kernel_buf[3] = (ret >> 8) & 0xff;
mdelay(20); /* delay 20ms */
ret = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(ap3216c_client, 0xE);
kernel_buf[4] = ret & 0xff;
kernel_buf[5] = (ret >> 8) & 0xff;
mdelay(20); /* delay 20ms */
copy_to_user(buf, kernel_buf, size);
return size;
}
static struct file_operations ap3216c_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = ap3216c_open,
.read = ap3216c_read,
};
static const struct i2c_device_id ap3216c_ids[] = {
{ "ap3216c", (long unsigned int)NULL },
{ /* END OF LIST */ }
};
static const struct of_device_id ap3216c_of_match[] = {
{ .compatible = "lite-on,ap3216c", .data = NULL },
{ /* END OF LIST */ },
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, ap3216c_of_match);
static int ap3216c_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
{
printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
ap3216c_client = client;
/* 注册字符设备 */
major = register_chrdev(0, "ap3216c", &ap3216c_fops);
ap3216c_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "ap3216c");
device_create(ap3216c_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "ap3216c"); // /dev/ap3216c
return 0;
}
static int ap3216c_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
{
printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
device_destroy(ap3216c_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(ap3216c_class);
unregister_chrdev(major, "ap3216c");
return 0;
}
static struct i2c_driver ap3216c_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "ap3216c",
.of_match_table = ap3216c_of_match,
},
.probe_new = ap3216c_probe,
.remove = ap3216c_remove,
.id_table = ap3216c_ids,
};
static int __init ap3216c_init(void)
{
return i2c_add_driver(&ap3216c_driver);
}
module_init(ap3216c_init);
static void __exit ap3216c_exit(void)
{
i2c_del_driver(&ap3216c_driver);
}
module_exit(ap3216c_exit);
MODULE_AUTHOR("www.100ask.net");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
测试代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
/*
./ap3216c_test <i2c_bus_num> r
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd = 0;
char buf[6];
int ret = 0;
if(argc != 3)
{
printf("Usage:\n");
printf("%s <i2c_bus_num> r\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
fd = open("/dev/ap3216c", O_RDONLY);
if(fd < 0)
{
printf("Can't open /dev/ap3216c\n");
return -1;
}
ret = read(fd, buf, 6);
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("Can't read /dev/ap3216c\n");
return 0;
}
printf("IR: %02x %02x\n", buf[0], buf[1]);
printf("ALS: %02x %02x\n", buf[2], buf[3]);
printf("PS: %02x %02x\n", buf[4], buf[5]);
return 0;
}
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