要进行ssm开发,先配好环境,配置文件都弄好了就可以专注于功能开发,并且提高开发效率。
tomcat无法启动的问题:
在准备时遇到一个很要命的问题,我的代码从学校电脑考到自己电脑上后竟然连tomcat都启动不了。tomcat启动时会报一些奇怪的错误,经过多次尝试,我发现问题出在依赖上,我导入了某些依赖后tomcat就无法启动,删除后又可以正常启动。不知道原因的我试了一下把电脑里已经下过的依赖jar包删了,重新导入依赖然后就可以了。
maven项目会将pom.xml里的依赖从公共的maven仓库下载到本地,下次导入相同依赖就会用本地的jar包,默认保存路径为
C:\Users\当前用户.m2\repository
我就直接把repository文件夹删了,导入pom文件写好后重新导入,这次要慢点,因为要从网上下jar包,然后tomcat就可以正常启动,程序也可以运行。
新建项目
用idea新建maven项目,添加webapp目录,大致结构如图
加入各种依赖:
pom.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.westos</groupId>
<artifactId>SSM</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<!-- 1. web 项目 -->
<packaging>war</packaging>
<!-- 2. 项目编码 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<!-- 3. 各种依赖jar -->
<dependencies>
<!-- spring 容器 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.3.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring 对mvc的支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加servlet相关依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope> <!-- tomcat已经提供了该jar包,此jar包只工作在编译环境 -->
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope> <!-- tomcat已经提供了该jar包,此jar包只工作在编译环境 -->
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 与spring整合 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据库驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.12</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志
slf4j 接口 logback 是实现
commons-logging 接口 桥接 - slf4j
-->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志桥接 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 文件上传(可选) -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 加入json转换的jar包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring aop -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>4.3.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 第三方 aop依赖 aspectJ -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>1.8.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 单元测试(可选) -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 控制发布版本的插件 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
web.xml:
配置springmvc前控制器和编码过滤器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ssm</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 指明了spring配置文件的位置 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 在tomcat启动时,就创建这个servlet,并初始化该servlet -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ssm</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- spring 提供的字符编码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
jdbc.properties
数据库连接的配置文件
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/eshop?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useSSL=false&useServerPrepStmts=true&cachePrepStmts=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&useCursorFetch=true&defaultFetchSize=100&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
jdbc.max=10
jdbc.min=2
lockback.xml
日志的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration scan="true">
<!-- 日志输出的目的地 ConsoleAppender 是将日志输出至控制台 -->
<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<!--
%d 时间格式
%thread 线程
%logger 类
%-5level 级别 Error, Warn, Info, Debug, Trace
%msg 日志具体内容
%n 换行
-->
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<appender name="STDOUT_SIMPLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<!-- logger 规定了哪些包的日志需要输出 name="要输出日志的包名"-->
<logger name="com.westos.mapper" level="debug" additivity="false">
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT_SIMPLE" />
</logger>
<root level="warn">
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
</root>
</configuration>
spring.xml
核心配置文件spring.xml,名字自己取的,要和web.xml里面配置的一致
在这里面可以启用spring提供的各种功能注解,帮我们管理关键的类。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 1) 读取properties -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!-- 2) 配置数据源(连接池) -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
<property name="maxActive" value="${jdbc.max}"/>
<property name="minIdle" value="${jdbc.min}"/>
</bean>
<!-- 3) SqlSessionFactory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- 4) 扫描mapper接口-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.westos.mapper"/>
</bean>
<!-- 5) 事务的管理 (事务管理器, 启用事务注解) -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 6) 扫描service类 -->
<!--<bean class="com.westos.service.UserService"></bean>-->
<!-- 扫描组件,会扫描加了@Controller, @Service, @Repository, @Component, 把加了这几个注解的类交给spring容器管理 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.westos.service"/>
<!-- 7) 启用mvc的注解 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 8) 扫描控制器类 -->
<!--<bean class="com.westos.controller.UserController"></bean>-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.westos.controller"/>
<!-- 9) 视图解析器 -->
<mvc:view-resolvers>
<mvc:jsp prefix="/" suffix=".jsp"/>
</mvc:view-resolvers>
<!-- 10) 文件上传解析器 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
</bean>
<!-- 11) 静态资源处理器 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 12) 启用aop注解,自动代理-->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
<!-- 13) 通知类 -->
<!-- 14) 启用autowird等注解 -->
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- 15)缓存的管理器 -->
<bean id="cacheManager" class="org.springframework.cache.concurrent.ConcurrentMapCacheManager">
<!-- 管理缓存区域 -->
<property name="cacheNames">
<list>
<value>user</value>
<value>order</value>
<value>product</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 16)启用缓存相关的注解及支持
@Cacheable
@CacheEvict
@CachePut
-->
<cache:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
关键配置文件都好了就可以进行开发了。