Linux Shell Program Tutorial(2)

10. The case statement example

#!/bin/bash 

echo -e "Enter some character : \c"
 #\c是末尾不加换行符号；＃-e表示激活转义字符。使用-e选项时，将\c特别加以处理，而不会将它当成一般文字输出;

read value

case $value in 
    [a-z] ) 
        echo "User entered $value a to z" ;; 
    [A-Z] ) 
        echo "User entered $value A to Z" ;; 
＃如果运行输入大写字母输出的仍然是上一行的语句，则在终端先执行命令LANG=C
    [0-9] ) 
        echo "User entered $value 0 to 9" ;; 
    ? ) 
        echo "User entered $value special character" ;; 
　＃包括任何其他特殊符号比如^&%...
    * ) 
        echo "Unknown input" ;; 
esac

11. Array variables

#!/bin/bash 

os=('ubuntu' 'windows' 'kali')
os[3]='mac'　＃add new element 'mac'
#os[0]='mac' ＃replace 'ubuntu' by 'mac'

unset os[2]　＃remove 'kali'
echo "${os[@]}"　＃print all
echo "${os[1]}"　＃print the second element
echo "${!os[@]}"　＃print all index values
echo "${#os[@]}"　＃print the total number of elements

string=sadfadfadfag
echo "${string[@]}"
echo "${string[0]}"
echo "${string[1]}"
echo "${#string[@]}"

 

12. While loops

#!/bin/bash 

#while loops

n=1

#while [ $n -le 10 ]
while (( $n <= 10 ))
 ＃note the difference of brackets and expression
do
    echo "$n"
    #n=$((n+1))
    #((n++))
    (( ++n ))
 ＃three expressions are all right
done

 

13. Using sleep and open terminal with While loop

#!/bin/bash 

#while loops

n=1

while [ $n -le 10 ]
do
    echo "$n"
    ((n++))
    sleep 1
 ＃print $n every one second
done

#!/bin/bash 

#while loops

n=1

while [ $n -le 3 ]
do
    echo "$n"
    ((n++))
    #gnome-terminal &　＃two methods to open 3 terminals 
    xterm & 
done

14. Read a file content in bash

#!/bin/bash 

#while loops

while read p
do
    echo $p
done < hello.sh

cat hello.sh | while read p
do
    echo $p
done

#while IFS= read -r line
while IFS=' ' read -r line
do
    echo $line
done < /etc/host.conf

 

15. Until loops

#!/bin/bash 

# until loops

n=1

until [ $n -ge 10 ]
#until (( $n -gt 10 ))
do
    echo $n
    n=$(( n+1 ))
done

16. For loops

#!/bin/bash 

# for loops

for i in 1 2 3 4 5
do
    echo $i
done

for i in {1..10}
do 
    echo $i
done

echo ${BASH_VERSION}
for i in {0..10..2} #{start..end..increment} can use above bash version 4.0
do
    echo $i
done

for ((i=0; i<5; i++))
do
    echo $i
done

17. Use FOR loop to execute command

#!/bin/bash 

# for loops

for command in ls pwd date
do
    echo "----------$command----------"
    $command　＃execute command
done

for item in *
do
    if [ -d $item ]
    #if [ -f $item ]
    then
        echo $item
    fi
done

 

18. Select loop

#!/bin/bash 

# select loop

select name in mark john tom ben
do
    case $name in
        mark)
            echo mark selected
            ;;
        john)
            echo john selected
            ;;
        tom)
            echo tom selected
            ;;
        ben)
            echo ben selected
            ;;
        *)
            echo "Error please provide the no. between 1..4"
    esac
done


#the same results:
select name in mark john tom ben
do
    echo "$name selected"
done

 

19. Break and continue

#!/bin/bash 

for (( i=1; i<=10; i++ ))
do
    if [ $i -gt 5 ]
    then
        break
    fi
    echo "$i"
done

for (( i=1; i<=10; i++ ))
do
    if [ $i -eq 3 -o $i -eq 6 ]
    then
        continue
    fi
    echo "$i"
done

以上内容参考bilibili站视频https://www.bilibili.com/video/av51517726

 

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