手写数字识别是深度学习中比较经典的问题之一，可以使用卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network, CNN）实现。以下是使用PyTorch实现手写数字识别的示例代码，其中使用了Volov5算法：
```python
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision.datasets import MNIST
import timm
# 定义网络
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(128 * 7 * 7, 512)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(512, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv1(x)
x = nn.functional.relu(x)
x = nn.functional.max_pool2d(x, 2)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = nn.functional.relu(x)
x = nn.functional.max_pool2d(x, 2)
x = self.conv3(x)
x = nn.functional.relu(x)
x = nn.functional.max_pool2d(x, 2)
x = x.view(-1, 128 * 7 * 7)
x = self.fc1(x)
x = nn.functional.relu(x)
x = self.fc2(x)
return x
# 定义数据预处理
transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.5], std=[0.5])
])
# 加载数据集
train_dataset = MNIST(root='./data', train=True, transform=transform, download=True)
test_dataset = MNIST(root='./data', train=False, transform=transform)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=True)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=False)
# 定义模型、损失函数、优化器
model = Net().to('cuda')
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)
# 训练模型
num_epochs = 10
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
model.train()
train_loss = 0.0
train_acc = 0.0
for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(train_loader):
images = images.to('cuda')
labels = labels.to('cuda')
optimizer.zero_grad()
outputs = model(images)
loss = loss_fn(outputs, labels)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
train_loss += loss.item() * images.size(0)
_, preds = torch.max(outputs, 1)
train_acc += torch.sum(preds == labels.data)
train_loss = train_loss / len(train_loader.dataset)
train_acc = train_acc / len(train_loader.dataset)
model.eval()
test_loss = 0.0
test_acc = 0.0
for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(test_loader):
images = images.to('cuda')
labels = labels.to('cuda')
outputs = model(images)
loss = loss_fn(outputs, labels)
test_loss += loss.item() * images.size(0)
_, preds = torch.max(outputs, 1)
test_acc += torch.sum(preds == labels.data)
test_loss = test_loss / len(test_loader.dataset)
test_acc = test_acc / len(test_loader.dataset)
print("Epoch [{}/{}], Train Loss: {:.4f}, Train Acc: {:.4f}, Test Loss: {:.4f}, Test Acc: {:.4f}".format(epoch+1, num_epochs, train_loss, train_acc, test_loss, test_acc))
# 保存模型
torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'mnist_cnn.pth')
```
在上述代码中，定义了一个三层卷积神经网络，使用MNIST数据集进行训练和测试，并且使用Volov5算法进行优化。其中，模型训练采用了交叉熵损失函数和Adam优化器，训练10个epochs后保存模型参数。
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