laravel 渴求式加载 with与load

最近看Laravel文档 ,看到了渴求式加载,不是很懂.记录一下.

渴求式加载

当以属性方式访问 Eloquent关联关系的时候，关联关系数据是「懒惰式加载」的，这意味着关联关系数据直到第一次访问的时候才被加载。不过，Eloquent 还可以在查询父级模型的同时「渴求式加载」关联关系。渴求式加载缓解 N+1 查询问题，要阐明 N+1 查询问题，查看关联到 Auth的 Book模型：

Laravel学院文档: https://laravelacademy.org/post/9584.html

根据官方文档, 创建两个表,不多说.


新建两个model模型

php artisan make:model Auth
php artisan mkae:model Book

    
    

然后创建对应的表关联关系

<?php
namespace App;

use Illuminate</span>Database</span>Eloquent</span>Model;

class Book extends Model
{
protected $table = ‘book’;

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">auth</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">belongsTo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'App\Auth'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

在控制器中获取书的作者信息

   public function lst()
    {
        $books  = Book::all();
    <span class="token keyword">foreach</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$books</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">auth</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">name</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

去页面查看输出信息和SQL语句

这里发现 其实这里是执行了5条sql语句,在foreach循环中,每一次都执行了一条sql语句

文档中的解释:

该循环先执行 1 次查询获取表中的所有书，然后另一个查询获取每一本书的作者，因此，如果有25本书，要执行26次查询：1次是获取书本身，剩下的25次查询是为每一本书获取其作者。
在这里 我们使用渴求式加载. 当查询的时候，可以使用 with方法指定应该被渴求式加载的关联关系：

 public function lst()
    {
        $books  = Book::with('auth')->get();
    <span class="token keyword">foreach</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$books</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">auth</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">name</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

查看输出结果,发现,效果一样,但原本执行的多条sql 变成了两条

渴求式加载多个关联关系

有时候你需要在单个操作中渴求式加载多个不同的关联关系。要实现这个功能，只需要添加额外的参数到with方法即可：

在这里,我又新建了一个category表

在Book模型中又加了一个与category表的关联关系

public function category()
    {
    	//这里我在book表中与category表关联的外键字段是cate_id,而laravel中默认是category_id,所以修改第二个参数为cate_id
        return $this->belongsTo('App\Category','cate_id');
    }

修改代码

 public function lst()
    {
        $books  = Book::with('auth','category')->get();
    <span class="token keyword">foreach</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$books</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">category</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">name</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">auth</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">name</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

查看页面输出结果,这里将category表中的数据也查出来了

嵌套的渴求式加载

要渴求式加载嵌套的关联关系，可以使用”.“语法。例如，我们在一个 Eloquent 语句中渴求式加载所有书的作者及所有作者的个人联系方式：
$books = Book::with('auth.contact')->get();

这里还需要新建一个contact表,存放作者的联系方式

然后新建一个Contact模型,并在Auth模型中关联上Contact模型

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate</span>Database</span>Eloquent</span>Model;

class Auth extends Model
{
protected $table = ‘auth’;

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">contact</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">belongsTo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'App\Contact'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

然后修改控制器中的代码

public function lst()
    {
    	//通过 . 点号 来加载auth模型的contact关联表
        $books  = Book::with('auth.contact')->get();
	<span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'&lt;pre&gt;'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	
    <span class="token keyword">foreach</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$books</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">name</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'&lt;br/&gt;'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">auth</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">name</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'&lt;br/&gt;'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">auth</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">contact</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">email</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'&lt;hr/&gt;'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

查看页面输出信息,这里将auth关联的contact表的信息也查出来了.

渴求式加载指定字段

并不是每次获取关联关系时都需要所有字段，因此，Eloquent 允许你在关联查询时指定要查询的字段：

$users = Book::with('auth:id,name')->get();   

 
 

注：使用这个特性时，id字段是必须列出的。

public function lst()
    {
        $books  = Book::with('auth:id,name')->get()->toArray();
        dd($books);
    }

查看页面输出代码 auth下只有id和name两个字段了 其他多余的字段都没有了

带条件约束的渴求式加载

有时候我们希望渴求式加载一个关联关系，但还想为渴求式加载指定更多的查询条件：

$books = Book::with(['auth' => function ($query) {
	//约束条件
    $query->where('name', 'like', '吴%');
}])->get();
dd($books);

查看页面输出信息,只有auth表中name字段以吴开头的信息查出来了,其他的都没查出来

在这个例子中，Eloquent 只渴求式加载 name 以吴开头 的作者。当然，你还可以调用其它查询构建器来自定义渴求式加载操作：

$books = Book::with(['auth' => function ($query) {
    $query->orderBy('name', 'desc');
}])->get();

懒惰渴求式加载

有时候你需要在父模型已经被获取后渴求式加载一个关联关系。例如，这在你需要动态决定是否加载关联模型时可能很有用：

$books  =  Book::all();
        $res = true;
        if($res){
            $books->load('auth','category');
        }
        dd(collect($books)->toArray());

如果你需要设置更多的查询条件到渴求式加载查询上，可以传递一个包含你想要记载的关联关系数组到 load 方法，数组的值应该是接收查询实例的闭包：

$books->load(['auth' => function ($query) {
    $query->orderBy('name', 'asc');
}]);

如果想要在关系管理尚未被加载的情况下加载它，可以使用 loadMissing 方法：

public function lst(Book $book)
{
    $book->loadMissing('auth');
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'name'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">name</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'auth'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$book</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">auth</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">name</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

最后这个…试了很久,在大佬的帮助下完成了.
直接从文档复制过来就报错了!!!坑啊
需要在路由那传递一个id

Route::get('book/{id}','ArticleController@lst');

 
 

去掉loadMissing之后…下面那行sql语句变了,但是感觉没啥用啊.不知道这个东西有什么用.