1、介绍:网关zuul作为spring cloud核心模块,默认提供了hystrix、ribbon集成。主要作用:负载均衡、各boot间的验证等功能。zuul以eureka为基础,所以必须启动eureka项目(关于eureka请看之前的博客)。
2、zuul服务搭建
(1)引入依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
(2)启动类添加注解@EnableZuulProxy和@EnableEurekaClient
(3)配置application.properties文件
#本服务端口号 server.port=8777 #注册eureka的名称 spring.application.name=SCHOOL_ZUUL #eureka地址、用于注册和暴露服务 eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://root:123456@localhost:8761/eureka #当请求/api/**会直接交给listOfServers配置的服务器处理 #当stripPrefix=true的时候 (http://127.0.0.1:8181/api/user/list -> http://192.168.1.100:8080/user/list) #当stripPrefix=false的时候(http://127.0.0.1:8181/api/user/list -> http://192.168.1.100:8080/api/user/list) zuul.routes.api.stripPrefix=true #api-center:为自定义名称,用于区分多个项目; /center/**:指项目路径; center:指项目注册eureka的路径 zuul.routes.api-center.path=/CREDIT_CENTER/** zuul.routes.api-center.serviceId=CREDIT_CENTER zuul.routes.api-centerweb.path=/CREDIT_OUTSIDE/** zuul.routes.api-centerweb.serviceId=CREDIT_OUTSIDE #线程隔离策略/默认即为SEMAPHORE zuul.ribbon-isolation-strategy=SEMAPHORE #zuul总的最大连接数和每个路由连接数 zuul.host.max-total-connections=1000 zuul.host.maxPerRouteConnections=1000 #zuul超时时间/当未使用serverId时此配置生效。ribbon.SocketTimeout生效 zuul.host.connect-timeout-millis=10000 zuul.host.socket-timeout-millis=10000 #设置ribbon和hystrix的超时时间 ribbon.SocketTimeout=10000 ribbon.ReadTimeout=10000 hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=9000 #开启重试机制/默认关闭 spring.cloud.loadbalancer.retry.enabled=true ##重试必配 zuul.retryable=true #启用饥饿加载模式 ribbon.eager-load.enabled=true ribbon.eager-load.clients=CREDIT_CENTER,CREDIT_OUTSIDE ################################################################################
3、zuul客户端请求调用方法:http://127.0.0.1:8777为zuul地址和端口、/CREDIT_CENTER为eureka注册的服务名
"http://127.0.0.1:8777/CREDIT_CENTER"
4、zuul的过滤器配置:
(1)继承ZuulFilter并重写方法、filterType有四种类型(代表执行的时间点)、filterOrder为执行顺序越小越先执行、shouldFilter为判断前一个过滤器是否执行成功、run()为过滤器实际执行的业务代码
@Override public String filterType() { return "pre"; } @Override public int filterOrder() { return 0; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); // 如果前一个过滤器的结果为true,则说明上一个过滤器成功了,需要进入当前的过滤,如果前一个过滤器的结果为false,则说明上一个过滤器没有成功,则无需进行下面的过滤动作了,直接跳过后面的所有过滤器并返回结果 Object temp=ctx.get("isSuccess"); if(temp==null)return true; return Boolean.parseBoolean(temp.toString()); } @Override // @Transactional public Object run() {
5、zuul的统一回退功能:直接拷贝代码:
package com.school.callback; import com.school.pojo.Result; import com.school.util.ConstantsUtils; import net.sf.json.JSONObject; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ZuulFallbackProvider; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; /** * 网关回退功能 */ @Component public class ServerFallback implements ZuulFallbackProvider{ @Override public String getRoute() { return
"CREDIT_CENTER"; } @Override public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() { return new ClientHttpResponse(){ @Override public InputStream getBody() throws IOException { Result sult=new Result(); sult.setResultNo(ConstantsUtils.E3010001); sult.setResultMsg("网络异常"); JSONObject obj=JSONObject.fromObject(sult); return new ByteArrayInputStream(obj.toString().getBytes("UTF-8")); } @Override public HttpHeaders getHeaders() { HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); //和body中的内容编码一致,否则容易乱码 headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8); return headers; } /** * 网关向api服务请求是失败了,但是消费者客户端向网关发起的请求是OK的, * 不应该把api的404,500等问题抛给客户端 * 网关和api服务集群对于客户端来说是黑盒子 */ @Override public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException { return HttpStatus.OK; } @Override public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException { return HttpStatus.OK.value(); } @Override public String getStatusText() throws IOException { return HttpStatus.OK.getReasonPhrase(); } @Override public void close() { } }; } }