Django 环境下使用MySql数据库测试数据( day 1)

一、工程准备 1.创建虚拟环境：makevirtualenv Database 2.创建工程: cd  Database   pip install django==1.11.4                   pip install pymysql                             django-admin startproject project                            python3 manage.py startapp workap   3.启动mysql:   mysql -u root -p mysql>create database sunck; mysql>show databases;   3.linux 环境进入PY charm安装目录./pycharm.sh 二、项目编程 project/__init__.py import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb project/settings.py INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'workapp', ] DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME':"sunck", 'USER':'root', 'PASSWORD':'steven', 'HOST':'localhost', 'PORT':'3306', }} workapp.models.py 三、数据迁移 python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate 在migartions.001__initial.py  可以看到： # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Generated by Django 1.11.4 on 2018-04-30 02:01 from __future__ import unicode_literals from django.db import migrations, models import django.db.models.deletion class Migration(migrations.Migration): initial = True dependencies = [ ] operations = [ migrations.CreateModel( name='Grades', fields=[ ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), ('gname', models.CharField(max_length=20)), ('gdate', models.DateTimeField()), ('ggirlnum', models.IntegerField()), ('gboynum', models.IntegerField()), ('isDelete', models.BooleanField(default=False)), ], ), migrations.CreateModel( name='Students', fields=[ ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), ('sname', models.CharField(max_length=20)), ('sgender', models.BooleanField(default=True)), ('sage', models.IntegerField()), ('scontend', models.CharField(max_length=20)), ('isDelete', models.BooleanField(default=False)), ('sgrade', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='workapp.Grades')), ], ), ] 再次进入mysql: mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | sunck              | | sys                | +--------------------+ mysql> use sunck; Database changed mysql> show tables; +----------------------------+ | Tables_in_sunck            | +----------------------------+ | auth_group                 | | auth_group_permissions     | | auth_permission            | | auth_user                  | | auth_user_groups           | | auth_user_user_permissions | | django_admin_log           | | django_content_type        | | django_migrations          | | django_session             | | workapp_grades             | | workapp_students           | +----------------------------+ mysql> desc workapp_grades; +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id       | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment | | gname    | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |                | | gdate    | datetime(6) | NO   |     | NULL    |                | | ggirlnum | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                | | gboynum  | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                | | isDelete | tinyint(1)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 6 rows in set (0.11 sec) mysql> desc workapp_students; +-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field     | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          | +-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id        | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment | | sname     | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |                | | sgender   | tinyint(1)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                | | sage      | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                | | scontend  | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |                | | isDelete  | tinyint(1)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                | | sgrade_id | int(11)     | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                | +-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> 四、数据操作 进入python shell  引入包：from workapp.models import Graddes,Students  >>> from workapp.models import Grades,Students >>> from django.utils import timezone >>> from datetime import * 查看所有数据：类名.objects.all >>> Grades.objects.all() <QuerySet []> 添加数据：本质：创建一个模型类的对实例 >>> grade1=Grades() >>> grade1.gname ="python04" >>> grade1.gdate=datetime(year=2018,month=4,day=30) >>> grade1.ggirlnum=15 >>> grade1.gboynum=20 >>> grade1.save() mysql> select * from workapp_grades; +----+----------+----------------------------+----------+---------+----------+ | id | gname    | gdate                      | ggirlnum | gboynum | isDelete | +----+----------+----------------------------+----------+---------+----------+ |  1 | python04 | 2018-04-30 00:00:00.000000 |       15 |      20 |        0 | +----+----------+----------------------------+----------+---------+----------+ 再次查看数据：>>> Grades.objects.all() <QuerySet [<Grades: Grades object>]> 为了显示舒适，更改models.py class Grades(models.Model): gname=models.CharField(max_length=20) gdate=models.DateTimeField() ggirlnum=models.IntegerField() gboynum=models.IntegerField() isDelete=models.BooleanField(default=False) def __str__(self): return "%s%d%d"%(self.gname,self.ggirlnum,self.gboynum) 重新进入shell >>>exit() >>> from workapp.models import Grades,Students >>> from django.utils import timezone >>> from datetime import * >>> >>> Grades.objects.all() <QuerySet [<Grades: python041520>]> 新增对象2 >>> grade2=Grades() >>> grade2.gname="java" >>> grade2.gdate=datetime(year=2018,month=5,day=1) >>> >>> grade2.ggirlnum=20 >>> grade2.gboynum=40 >>> grade2.save() 查看某个对象：类名.objects.get(pk=2) >>> Grades.objects.get(pk=2) <Grades: java2040> 修改数据：模型对象.属性.新值 >>> grade2.gboynum=30 >>> grade2.save() 修改前 mysql> select * from workapp_grades; +----+----------+----------------------------+----------+---------+----------+ | id | gname    | gdate                      | ggirlnum | gboynum | isDelete | +----+----------+----------------------------+----------+---------+----------+ |  1 | python04 | 2018-04-30 00:00:00.000000 |       15 |      20 |        0 | |  2 | java     | 2018-05-01 00:00:00.000000 |       20 |      40 |        0 | +----+----------+----------------------------+----------+---------+-- 修改后： mysql> select * from workapp_grades; +----+----------+----------------------------+----------+---------+----------+ | id | gname    | gdate                      | ggirlnum | gboynum | isDelete | +----+----------+----------------------------+----------+---------+----------+ |  1 | python04 | 2018-04-30 00:00:00.000000 |       15 |      20 |        0 | |  2 | java     | 2018-05-01 00:00:00.000000 |       20 |      30 |        0 | +----+----------+---------- 删除数据：物理删除：模型对象.delete() >>> grade2.delete() (1, {'workapp.Students': 0, 'workapp.Grades': 1}) >>> 添加学生 >>> stu=Students() >>> stu.sname="杨文静"//汉字出错了，请该为英文，以下同上 >>> stu.sgeder=False >>> stu.sage=20 >>> stu.scontend="我喜欢杨文静" >>> stu.sgrade =grade1 Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<console>", line 1, in <module> NameError: name 'grade1' is not defined >>> grade1=Grades.objects.get(pk=1) >>> stu.sgrade =grade1 >>> stu.save() mysql> select * from workapp_students     +----+---------------+---------+------+------------+----------+-----------+ | id | sname         | sgender | sage | scontend   | isDelete | sgrade_id | +----+---------------+---------+------+------------+----------+-----------+ |  1 | yangwenjing   |       1 |   20 | I love her |        0 |         1 | |  2 | wangshangquan |       1 |   20 | I love her |        0 |         1 | +----+---------------+---------+------+------------+----------+-----------+ 关联对象：获得关联对象的集合：需求:获取python04班所有学生 对象名.关联的类名小写_set.all() >>> grade1.students_set.all() <QuerySet [<Students: Students object>, <Students: Students object>]> 需求：创建小静属于pythono4班： >>> stus=grade1.students_set.create(sname="xiaojing",sgender=False,scontend=u"I love life",sage=45) 直接创建到数据库，无需stus.save() +----+---------------+---------+------+-------------+----------+-----------+ | id | sname         | sgender | sage | scontend    | isDelete | sgrade_id | +----+---------------+---------+------+-------------+----------+-----------+ |  1 | yangwenjing   |       1 |   20 | I love her  |        0 |         1 | |  2 | wangshangquan |       1 |   20 | I love her  |        0 |         1 | |  3 | xiaojing      |       0 |   45 | I love life |        0 |         1 | +----+---------------+---------+------+-------------+----------+-----------+