一个java状态机样例的代码

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      在UML当中有状态机视图，这个状态机可以用于自动售货机，自动售票机等等场景，下面是用java代码模拟的一个状态机：

1.状态机接口

package stateMachine;
/**
 * 状态机接口
 * @author seacean
 * @date 2013-8-29
 */
public interface State {
	/**
	 * 投入硬币
	 */
	void insertQuarter();
    /**
     * 根据摇动情况，处理摇动结果，返回处理结果，释放糖果
     */
	void ejectQuarter();
    /**
     * 转动摇柄
     */
	void turnCrank();
    /**
     * 机器放出糖果，处理机器内部状态，返回初始可投币状态
     */
	void dispense();
}

2.带有状态机的机器

package stateMachine;
/**
 * 机器类，包含多种状态，处理流程
 * @author seacean
 * @date 2013-8-29
 */
public class Machine {
	//机器本身包含所有的状态机
	private State soldOutState;
	private State noQuarterState;
	private State hasQuarterState;
	private State soldState;

	private State state; //机器的当前状态
	private int count = 0;//机器中当前糖果的数量
    /**
     * 初始化机器，引入所有的状态机，初始化糖果数量，初始化机器状态
     * @param count
     */
	public Machine(int count) {
		this.soldOutState = new SoldOutState(this);
		this.noQuarterState = new NoQuarterState(this);
		this.hasQuarterState = new HasQuarterState(this);
		this.soldState = new SoldState(this);
		this.count = count;
		if (this.count > 0) {
			this.state = noQuarterState;
		}
	}
    /**
     * 释放糖果时的内部处理程序
     */
	public void releaseBall() {
		System.out.println("a gumball comes rolling out the solt...");
		if (count > 0) {
			count -= 1;
		}
	}
    
	public void insertQuerter() {
		state.insertQuarter();//加入硬币
	}

	public void ejectQuarter() {
		state.ejectQuarter();
	}

	public void turnCrank() {
		state.turnCrank();
		state.dispense();
	}

	public State getSoldOutState() {
		return soldOutState;
	}

	public State getNoQuarterState() {
		return noQuarterState;
	}

	public State getHasQuarterState() {
		return hasQuarterState;
	}

	public State getSoldState() {
		return soldState;
	}

	public State getState() {
		return state;
	}

	public int getCount() {
		return count;
	}

	public void setState(State state) {
		this.state = state;
	}
}

3.下面是状态机的一些实现类

package stateMachine;
/**
 * 机器处于没有投硬币的状态
 * @author seacean
 * @date 2013-8-29
 */
public class NoQuarterState implements State {
	private Machine machine;

	public NoQuarterState(Machine machine) {
		this.machine = machine;
	}

	@Override
	public void insertQuarter() {
		System.out.println("please insert a quarter!");
		machine.setState(machine.getHasQuarterState());
	}

	@Override
	public void ejectQuarter() {
		System.out.println("please insert a quarter!");
	}

	@Override
	public void turnCrank() {
		System.out.println("please insert a quarter!");
	}

	@Override
	public void dispense() {
		System.out.println("please insert a quarter!");
	}

}

package stateMachine;
/**
 * 机器处于有硬币，有糖果，没有摇动的状态
 * @author seacean
 * @date 2013-8-29
 */
public class HasQuarterState implements State {
    private Machine machine;
    
    public HasQuarterState(Machine machine){
    	this.machine=machine;
    }
	@Override
	public void insertQuarter() {
		System.out.println("You can not insert another quarter!");
	}

	@Override
	public void ejectQuarter() {
		System.out.println("Quarter returned!");
		machine.setState(machine.getNoQuarterState());
	}

	@Override
	public void turnCrank() {
		System.out.println("You turned ... ");
        machine.setState(machine.getSoldState());
	}

	@Override
	public void dispense() {
		System.out.println("No gumball dispensed!");
	}

}

package stateMachine;

/**
 * 机器正在出售糖果的状态
 * 
 * @author seacean
 * @date 2013-8-29
 */
public class SoldState implements State {
	private Machine machine;

	public SoldState(Machine machine) {
		this.machine = machine;
	}

	@Override
	public void insertQuarter() {
		System.out.println("please wait,we are already giving you a gumball!");
	}

	@Override
	public void ejectQuarter() {
		System.out.println("Sorry, you have turned the crank!");
	}

	@Override
	public void turnCrank() {
		System.out.println("Turning twice does not get you another gumball!");
	}

	@Override
	public void dispense() {
		machine.releaseBall();
		if (machine.getCount() > 0) {
			machine.setState(machine.getNoQuarterState());
		} else {
			System.out.println("Out of Gumballs!");
			machine.setState(machine.getSoldOutState());
		}
	}

}

package stateMachine;
/**
 * 机器处于无糖果状态
 * @author seacean
 * @date 2013-8-29
 */
public class SoldOutState implements State {
    private Machine machine;
	public SoldOutState(Machine machine) {
		this.machine=machine;
	}

	@Override
	public void insertQuarter() {
		System.out.println("Sorry, there is no gumball in the machine!");
	}

	@Override
	public void ejectQuarter() {
		System.out.println("Sorry, there is no gumball in sold!");
	}

	@Override
	public void turnCrank() {
		System.out.println("Sorry, there is no gumball!Turn is no meaning.");
		machine.setState(machine.getNoQuarterState());
	}

	@Override
	public void dispense() {
		System.out.println("Sorry, there is no gumball!");
	}

}

4.下面是测试类

package stateMachine;
//测试类
public class StateMachineTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
         Machine machine=new Machine(10);
         for(int i=0;i<11;i++){
         System.out.println(machine);
         machine.insertQuerter();
         machine.turnCrank();
         }
	}
}