【python地图添加指北针和比例尺】

1、前言

• 地理信息绘制中添加指北针和比例尺，使得图像更专业。

2、代码

2.1、指北针

def add_north(ax, labelsize=18, loc_x=0.95, loc_y=0.99, width=0.06, height=0.09, pad=0.14):
    """
    画一个比例尺带'N'文字注释
    主要参数如下
    :param ax: 要画的坐标区域 Axes实例 plt.gca()获取即可
    :param labelsize: 显示'N'文字的大小
    :param loc_x: 以文字下部为中心的占整个ax横向比例
    :param loc_y: 以文字下部为中心的占整个ax纵向比例
    :param width: 指南针占ax比例宽度
    :param height: 指南针占ax比例高度
    :param pad: 文字符号占ax比例间隙
    :return: None
    """
    minx, maxx = ax.get_xlim()
    miny, maxy = ax.get_ylim()
    ylen = maxy - miny
    xlen = maxx - minx
    left = [minx + xlen*(loc_x - width*.5), miny + ylen*(loc_y - pad)]
    right = [minx + xlen*(loc_x + width*.5), miny + ylen*(loc_y - pad)]
    top = [minx + xlen*loc_x, miny + ylen*(loc_y - pad + height)]
    center = [minx + xlen*loc_x, left[1] + (top[1] - left[1])*.4]
    triangle = mpatches.Polygon([left, top, right, center], color='k')
    ax.text(s='N',
            x=minx + xlen*loc_x,
            y=miny + ylen*(loc_y - pad + height),
            fontsize=labelsize,
            horizontalalignment='center',
            verticalalignment='bottom')
    ax.add_patch(triangle)

2.2、比例尺

• add_scalebar

#-----------函数：添加比例尺--------------
def add_scalebar(ax,lon0,lat0,length,size=0.45):
    '''
    ax: 坐标轴
    lon0: 经度
    lat0: 纬度
    length: 长度
    size: 控制粗细和距离的
    '''
    # style 3
    ax.hlines(y = lat0,  xmin = lon0, xmax = lon0+length/111, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1, label='%d km' % (length))
    ax.vlines(x = lon0, ymin = lat0-size, ymax = lat0+size, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    ax.vlines(x = lon0+length/2/111, ymin = lat0-size, ymax = lat0+size, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    ax.vlines(x = lon0+length/111, ymin = lat0-size, ymax = lat0+size, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    ax.text(lon0+length/111,lat0+size+0.05,'%d' % (length),horizontalalignment = 'center')
    ax.text(lon0+length/2/111,lat0+size+0.05,'%d' % (length/2),horizontalalignment = 'center')
    ax.text(lon0,lat0+size+0.05,'0',horizontalalignment = 'center')
    ax.text(lon0+length/111/2*3,lat0+size+0.05,'km',horizontalalignment = 'center')
    
    # style 1
    # ax.hlines(y=lat0,  xmin = lon0, xmax = lon0+length/111, colors="black", ls="-", lw=2, label='%d km' % (length))
    # ax.vlines(x = lon0, ymin = lat0-size, ymax = lat0+size, colors="black", ls="-", lw=2)
    # ax.vlines(x = lon0+length/111, ymin = lat0-size, ymax = lat0+size, colors="black", ls="-", lw=2)
    # # ax.text(lon0+length/2/111,lat0+size,'500 km',horizontalalignment = 'center')
    # ax.text(lon0+length/2/111,lat0+size,'%d' % (length/2),horizontalalignment = 'center')
    # ax.text(lon0,lat0+size,'0',horizontalalignment = 'center')
    # ax.text(lon0+length/111/2*3,lat0+size,'km',horizontalalignment = 'center')

    # style 2
    # ax.hlines(y=lat0,  xmin = lon0, xmax = lon0+length/111, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1, label='%d km' % (length))
    # ax.vlines(x = lon0, ymin = lat0-size, ymax = lat0+size, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    # ax.vlines(x = lon0+length/111, ymin = lat0-size, ymax = lat0+size, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    # ax.text(lon0+length/111,lat0+size,'%d km' % (length),horizontalalignment = 'center')
    # ax.text(lon0,lat0+size,'0',horizontalalignment = 'center')

• draw_the_scale

def draw_the_scale(ax, y,x,text,length = 1.5,lw = 5):
    #画比例尺函数
    # y代表比例尺所在纬度
    # x代表比例尺开始的经度
    # text代表比例尺最后刻度值
    # length代表比例尺的长度，单位为多少个经度
    # lw代表比例尺的宽度
    step = length/5#计算步长，画五格
    #画黑白线五条
    ax.hlines(y=y,xmin=x,xmax=x + step,colors="black", ls="-", lw=lw)
    ax.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + step,xmax=x + step*2,colors="white", ls="-", lw=lw)
    ax.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + step*2,xmax=x + step*3,colors="black", ls="-", lw=lw)
    ax.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + step*3,xmax=x + step*4,colors="white", ls="-", lw=lw)
    ax.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + step*4,xmax=x + step*5,colors="black", ls="-", lw=lw)
    #画长刻度两个
    ax.vlines(x = x, ymin = y - (lw/100) *3, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    ax.vlines(x = x + length, ymin = y - (lw/100) *3, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    #画段刻度四个
    ax.vlines(x = x + step, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    ax.vlines(x = x + step*2, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    ax.vlines(x = x + step*3, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    ax.vlines(x = x + step*4, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    #写字，0，500，km
    ax.text(x,y + (lw/100) *7,'0',horizontalalignment = 'center')
    ax.text(x + length,y + (lw/100) *7,text,horizontalalignment = 'center')
    ax.text(x + length/2,y + (lw/100)*2,'km',horizontalalignment = 'center')

• draw_the_scale改

import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
def draw_the_scale(ax, y=0,x=0,length=500,lw=5):
    #画比例尺函数
    # y代表比例尺所在纬度
    # x代表比例尺开始的经度
    # text代表比例尺最后刻度值
    # length代表比例尺的长度，单位为多少个经度
    # lw代表比例尺的宽度
    step_ = length/111    #计算步长，画五格
    step = step_ * 100/111 /5

    #画黑白线五条
    ax.hlines(y=y,xmin=x,xmax=x + step,colors="black", ls="-", lw=lw)
    ax.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + step,xmax=x + step*2,colors="white", ls="-", lw=lw)
    ax.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + step*2,xmax=x + step*3,colors="black", ls="-", lw=lw)
    ax.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + step*3,xmax=x + step*4,colors="white", ls="-", lw=lw)
    ax.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + step*4,xmax=x + step*5,colors="black", ls="-", lw=lw)
    #画长刻度两个
    ax.vlines(x = x, ymin = y - (lw/100) *3, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    ax.vlines(x = x + step*5, ymin = y - (lw/100) *3, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    #画段刻度四个
    ax.vlines(x = x + step, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    ax.vlines(x = x + step*2, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    ax.vlines(x = x + step*3, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    ax.vlines(x = x + step*4, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    # #写字，0，500，km
    ax.text(x,y + 0.25,'0',horizontalalignment = 'center')
    ax.text(x + step_ -0.25,y + 0.25,str(length),horizontalalignment = 'center')
    ax.text(x + step_ + 0.25,y-0.25,'km',horizontalalignment = 'center')

• draw_the_scale改2

def draw_the_scale(ax, y,x,length=500,num=5, lw=5):
    #画比例尺函数
    # y代表比例尺所在纬度
    # x代表比例尺开始的经度
    # text代表比例尺最后刻度值
    # length代表比例尺的长度，单位为多少个经度
    # num代表要划分的线段数
    # lw代表比例尺的宽度
    step_ = length/111           # 计算经度跨度
    step = step_ * 100/111 /num  # 100km为一格

    #画黑白线五条
    for i in range(num):
        if i%2 == 0:
            ax.hlines(y=y, xmin=x+i*step, xmax=x + (i+1)*step,colors="black", ls="-", lw=lw)
        else:
            ax.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + i*step,xmax=x + (i+1)*step,colors="white", ls="-", lw=lw)
        
        if i > 0:
            ax.vlines(x = x + (i+1)*step, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)

    #画长刻度两个
    ax.vlines(x = x, ymin = y - (lw/100) *3, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    ax.vlines(x = x + step*num, ymin = y - (lw/100) *3, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)

    # #写字，0，500，km
    ax.text(x,y + 0.25,'0',horizontalalignment = 'center')
    ax.text(x + step_ -0.25,y + 0.25,str(length),horizontalalignment = 'center')
    ax.text(x + step_ + 0.25,y-0.25,'km',horizontalalignment = 'center')

3、结果