python基础学习2020.6.25-面向对象

1.类的创建

class people:
 
    def __init__(self):#构造函数
        pass
 
Derrick=people()#类的实例

2.封装

class people:
 
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
 
sfencs=people("Derrick",19)
print("%s is %d"%(Derrick.name,sfencs.age))

3.继承

class father:
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 1
        self.b = 2
 
    def me(self):
        print("i am father")
        print(self)#<__main__.son object at 0x000001F7DFA11128>
 
class son(father):
 
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        super(son,self).me()#执行父类的me方法，但self是people
 
    def me(self):
        print("i am son")
 
people=son()
print(people.a)#1
people.me()#i am son

子类可以对父类的方法进行重写，子类调用父类的方法使用super(子类名,self)，self永远是执行该方法的调用者

python支持多继承

class father1:
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 1
        self.b = 2
 
    def me(self):
        print("i am father1")
 
class father2:
    def __init__(self):
        self.c = 3
        self.d = 4
 
    def me(self):
        print("i am father2")
 
class son(father1,father2):
 
    def __init__(self):
        father1.__init__(self)
        father2.__init__(self)
        super(son,self).me()#i am father1
 
    def me(self):
        print("i am son")
 
people=son()
print(people.c)#3
people.me()#i am son

多继承中子类调用父类方法的寻找方法是按照父类声明的顺序从左到右，从下到上查找，一直查找到最高级的父类，但是如果不同的父类继承于同一个父类，

那么这个相当于根的父类为最后再去查找

4.多态

class Duck(object):                                  # 鸭子类
    def fly(self):
        print("鸭子沿着地面飞起来了")

class Swan(object):                                  # 天鹅类
    def fly(self):
        print("天鹅在空中翱翔")

class Plane(object):                                 # 飞机类
    def fly(self):
        print("飞机隆隆地起飞了")

def fly(obj):                                        # 实现飞的功能函数
    obj.fly()

duck = Duck()
fly(duck)

swan = Swan()
fly(swan)

plane = Plane()
fly(plane)

===运行结果：===================================================================================
鸭子沿着地面飞起来了
天鹅在空中翱翔
飞机隆隆地起飞了