观察者模式

一.定义

• 定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系，当一个对象的状态发生变化时，所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并自动更新。
• 观察者模式属于行为模式
• JAVA中已经有了对观察者模式的支持类

二.代码体现

• 需求:某一学习平台，希望能够及时的将学生的提问及时反馈给主讲老师。这时可以考虑通过Java中自带的Observable与Observer实现。

//在Course类继承 Observable 
public class Course extends Observable {

    private String courseName;

    public Course(String courseName) {
        this.courseName = courseName;
    }

    public String getCourseName() {
        return courseName;
    }
    public void produceQuestion(Course course,Question question){
        System.out.println(question.getUserName() + "在" + course.courseName + "提交了一个问题");
        //将此Observable对象标记为已更改;该方法现在将返回 true
        //Observable中的成员变量 changed 初始状态为false 通过setChanged方式置位true
        setChanged();
        //在调用setChanged方法后，通知所有观察者，然后调用clearChanged。clearChanged方法将 changed 重置为false
        notifyObservers(question);
    }
}

//Teacher类实现 Observer 
public class Teacher implements Observer {

    private String teacherName;

    public Teacher(String teacherName) {
        this.teacherName = teacherName;
    }

    //每当观察对象发生变化时，都会调用此方法。notifyObservers方法通知这一变化
    // @param o可观察对象
    // @param arg传递给notifyObservers的参数方法。
    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        Course course = (Course) o;
        Question question = (Question) arg;
        System.out.println(teacherName + "老师的" + course.getCourseName() +
                "课程接收到一个" +question.getUserName() +"提交的问答" +question.getQuestContent());
    }
}

public class Question {
    private String userName;
    private String questContent;

    public Question(String userName, String questContent) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.questContent = questContent;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getQuestContent() {
        return questContent;
    }

    public void setQuestContent(String questContent) {
        this.questContent = questContent;
    }
}

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Course course = new Course("Java开发");
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("yy");
        //将提供的观察者添加到此对象的观察者集中
        course.addObserver(teacher);

        Question question = new Question("whz","How I cat.");
        course.produceQuestion(course,question);
    }
}

• 类结构图