Abaqus/CAE User‘s Guide - Defining concrete smeared cracking

1. Abstract

Abaqus/CAE User’s Guide - Defining concrete smeared cracking

2. Defining concrete smeared cracking

Defining concrete smeared cracking
定义混凝土弥散开裂

You can use the concrete smeared cracking model to define the properties of plain concrete outside the elastic range in an Abaqus/Standard analysis.
用户可以在Abaqus/Standard分析中使用混凝土弥散开裂模型来定义素混凝土在弹性范围外的特性。

3. Specifying a concrete smeared cracking model

Specifying a concrete smeared cracking model
指定混凝土弥散开裂模型

The concrete smeared cracking model allows you to define concrete behavior for relatively monotonic loadings under fairly low confining pressures. Abaqus assumes that cracking is the most important aspect of the behavior, and representation of cracking and postcracking behavior dominates the modeling.
混凝土弥散开裂模型允许用户定义混凝土在低围压下的简单加载的受力行为。Abaqus假设开裂是混凝土受力行为中的最重要的方面，并且以开裂和开裂后行为的表现主导了建模。

To define concrete smeared cracking:
定义混凝土弥散开裂

(1) From the menu bar in the Edit Material dialog box, select MechanicalPlasticityConcrete Smeared Cracking.
从“Edit Material”对话框的菜单栏中，选择“Mechanical-Plasticity-Concrete Smeared Cracking”。

(2) Toggle on Use temperature-dependent data to define data that depend on temperature.
A column labeled Temp appears in the Data table.
打开“Use temperature-dependent data”选项，可以定义与温度相关的数据。
一栏标签为“Temp”的列出现在数据表中。

(3) Click the arrows to the right of the Number of field variables field to increase or decrease the number of field variables on which the data depend.
单击“Number of field variables”右边的箭头，可增加或减少与数据相关的场变量数目。

(4) Enter the following data in the Data table:
在数据表中输入以下数据:

Comp Stress : Absolute value of compressive stress. (Units of FL–2.)
压缩应力的绝对值。

Plastic Strain : Absolute value of plastic strain. The first stress-strain point given at each value of temperature and field variable must be at zero plastic strain and will define the initial yield point for that temperature and field variable.
塑性应变的绝对值。在每个温度和场变量条件下，给出的第一个应力-应变点必须为零塑性应变，这将定义在该温度和场变量条件下的初始屈服点。

Temp : Temperature.
温度。

Field n : Predefined field variables.
预定义场变量。

You may need to expand the dialog box to see all the columns in the Data table.
用户可以根据需要展开对话框查看数据表中的所有数据列。

(5) Select Tension Stiffening from the Suboptions menu to model the postfailure behavior for direct straining across cracks.
选择子选项菜单中的Tension Stiffening选项，可以模拟在裂缝处受拉的失效后继行为。

(6) If desired, select Shear Retention from the Suboptions menu to define how shear stiffness diminishes as the concrete cracks.
如果需要，选择子选项菜单中的Shear Retention选项，可以定义剪切刚度随着混凝土开裂而减小。

(7) If desired, select Failure Ratios from the Suboptions menu to define the shape of the failure surface.
如果需要，选择子选项菜单中的Failure Ratios选项，可以定义失效面的形状。

(8) Click OK to create the material and to close the Edit Material dialog box. Alternatively, you can select another material behavior to define from the
单击OK按钮完成创建材料属性，并关闭对话框。或者，用户也可以从编辑材料对话框中选择另一种材料行为来定义。

4. Defining tension stiffening for a concrete smeared cracking model

Defining tension stiffening for a concrete smeared cracking model
定义混凝土弥散开裂模型的tension stiffening

You can model postfailure behavior for direct straining across cracks with tension stiffening, which allows you to define the strain-softening behavior for cracked concrete. This behavior also allows the effects of the reinforcement interaction with concrete to be simulated in a simple manner.
用户可以通过tension stiffening模拟裂缝处受拉的失效后继行为。这允许用户定义混凝土开裂后的应变软化行为。这种行为也允许混凝土钢筋和混凝土之间的相互作用，得以用一种较为简单的方式来模拟。

You can specify tension stiffening by means of a postfailure stress-strain relation or by applying a fracture energy cracking criterion.
用户可以指定失效后继的应力应变关系，或者采用断裂能开裂准则来指定tension stiffening。

Tension stiffening information is required for the concrete smeared cracking model.
混凝土弥散开裂模型需要的Tension stiffening信息

To define tension stiffening:
定义tension stiffening

(1) Create a material model as described in “Specifying a concrete smeared cracking model.”
按照“定义混凝土弥散开裂模型”所述创建一个材料模型。

(2) From the Suboptions menu, select Tension Stiffening.
A Suboption Editor appears.
从子选项菜单，选择Tension Stiffening。将出现子选项编辑器。

(3) Click the arrow to the right of the Type field, and select a method for defining postcracking behavior:
点击Type右边的箭头，选择一种定义开裂后继行为的方法:

Select Displacement to enter the displacement at which a linear loss of strength after cracking gives zero stress.
选择Displacement，输入开裂后继强度线性损失直到为零时的位移。

Select Strain to enter the postfailure stress-strain relationship directly.
选择Strain，直接输入破坏后继应力-应变关系。

(4) Toggle on Use temperature-dependent data to define data that depend on temperature.
A column labeled Temp appears in the Data table.
打开“Use temperature-dependent data”选项，可以定义与温度相关的数据。
一栏标签为“Temp”的列出现在数据表中。

(5) Click the arrows to the right of the Number of field variables field to increase or decrease the number of field variables on which the data depend.
单击“Number of field variables”右边的箭头，可增加或减少与数据相关的场变量数目。

(6) In the Data table, enter the data relevant to your Type choice from Step 3 (not all of the following will apply):
在数据表中，输入与步骤3中选择的类型相关的数据(并不是所有的都适用):

Disp : Displacement, , at which a linear loss of strength after cracking gives zero stress. (Units of L.)
位移。开裂后继强度线性损失为零应力处的位移。

sigma/sigma_c :Fraction of remaining stress to stress at cracking.
残余应力与开裂时应力的比率。

epsilon-epsilon_c : Absolute value of the direct strain minus the direct strain at cracking.
开裂时应变减去残余应力对应的应变的绝对值。

Temp : Temperature.
温度。

Field n : Predefined field variables.
预定义场变量。

You may need to expand the dialog box to see all the columns in the Data table. For detailed information on how to enter data, see “Entering tabular data,” Section 3.2.7.
用户可以根据需要展开对话框查看数据表中的所有数据列。

(7) Click OK to return to the Edit Material dialog box.
单击OK返回编辑材料对话框。

5. Defining shear retention for a concrete smeared cracking model

Defining shear retention for a concrete smeared cracking model
定义混凝土弥散开裂模型的shear retention

As concrete cracks, its shear stiffness is diminished. You can define this effect by specifying the reduction in the shear modulus as a function of the opening strain across the crack. You can also specify a reduced shear modulus for closed cracks.
当混凝土开裂后，其抗剪刚度降低。用户可以通过指定剪切模量的降低是裂纹上张开应变的函数来定义这种效应。用户也可以为闭合裂缝指定一个减小的剪切模量。

If you do not define shear retention for a concrete smeared cracking model, Abaqus/Standard automatically assumes that the shear response is unaffected by cracking (full shear retention). This assumption is often reasonable: in many cases, the overall response is not strongly dependent on the amount of shear retention.
如果用户没有为混凝土弥散开裂模型定义shear retention，Abaqus/Standard会默认剪力响应不受开裂影响(完全剪力保持)。这一假设通常是合理的:在许多情况下，整体响应与剪切保留量相关性并不高。

To define shear retention:
定义shear retention

(1) Create a material model as described in “Specifying a concrete smeared cracking model.”
按照“定义混凝土弥散开裂模型”所述创建一个材料模型。

(2) From the Suboptions menu, select Shear Retention.
A Suboption Editor appears.
从子选项菜单，选择Shear Retention。将出现子选项编辑器。

(3) Toggle on Use temperature-dependent data to define data that depend on temperature.
A column labeled Temp appears in the Data table.
打开“Use temperature-dependent data”选项，可以定义与温度相关的数据。
一栏标签为“Temp”的列出现在数据表中。

(4) Click the arrows to the right of the Number of field variables field to increase or decrease the number of field variables on which the data depend.
单击“Number of field variables”右边的箭头，可增加或减少与数据相关的场变量数目。

(5) Enter the following data in the Data table:
在数据表中输入以下数据:

Rho_close : The multiplying factor, , that defines the modulus for shearing of closed cracks as a fraction of the elastic shear modulus of the uncracked concrete. The default value is 1.0.
乘系数，定义了闭合裂缝的剪切模量占未开裂混凝土的弹性剪切模量比例。默认值是1.0。

Eps_max : The maximum direct strain across the crack, . The default value is a very large number (full shear retention).
跨越裂缝的最大正应变。默认值非常大(完全剪切保留)。

Temp : Temperature.
温度。

Field n : Predefined field variables.
预定义场变量。

You may need to expand the dialog box to see all the columns in the Data table. For detailed information on how to enter data, see “Entering tabular data,” Section 3.2.7.
用户可以根据需要展开对话框查看数据表中的所有数据列。

(6) Click OK to return to the Edit Material dialog box.
单击OK返回编辑材料对话框。

6. Defining the shape of the failure surface for a concrete smeared cracking model

Defining the shape of the failure surface for a concrete smeared cracking model
定义混凝土弥散开裂模型的失效面的形状

You can specify failure ratios to define the shape of the failure surface. If you do not define the shape of the failure surface, Abaqus uses the default values listed below.
用户可以指定失效比率来定义失效面的形状。如果用户没有定义失效面的形状，Abaqus将使用下面列出的默认值。

To specify failure ratios:
指定失效比率：

(1) Create a material model as described in “Specifying a concrete smeared cracking model.”
按照“定义混凝土弥散开裂模型”所述创建一个材料模型。

(2) From the Suboptions menu, select Failure Ratios.
A Suboption Editor appears.
从子选项菜单，选择Failure Ratios。将出现子选项编辑器。

(3) Toggle on Use temperature-dependent data to define data that depend on temperature.
A column labeled Temp appears in the Data table.
打开“Use temperature-dependent data”选项，可以定义与温度相关的数据。
一栏标签为“Temp”的列出现在数据表中。

(4) Click the arrows to the right of the Number of field variables field to increase or decrease the number of field variables on which the data depend.
单击“Number of field variables”右边的箭头，可增加或减少与数据相关的场变量数目。

(5) Enter the following data in the Data table:
在数据表中输入以下数据:

Ratio 1 : Ratio of the ultimate biaxial compressive stress to the uniaxial compressive ultimate stress. The default value is 1.16.
双轴极限压应力与单轴极限压应力的比值。默认值是1.16。

Ratio 2 : Absolute value of the ratio of uniaxial tensile stress at failure to the uniaxial compressive stress at failure. The default value is 0.09.
单轴失效拉应力与单轴失效压应力之比的绝对值。默认值是0.09。

Ratio 3 : Ratio of the magnitude of a principal component of plastic strain at ultimate stress in biaxial compression to the plastic strain at ultimate stress in uniaxial compression. The default value is 1.28.
双轴极限压应力下塑性主应变分量与单轴极限压应力下塑性主应变分量大小的比值。默认值是1.28。

Ratio 4 : Ratio of the tensile principal stress value at cracking in plane stress, when the other nonzero principal stress component is at the ultimate compressive stress value, to the tensile cracking stress under uniaxial tension. The default value is 1/3.
当其他非零主应力为极限压应力值时，平面应力中开裂处主拉应力值与单轴拉伸时开裂应力的比值。默认值是1/3。

Temp : Temperature.
温度。

Field n : Predefined field variables.
预定义场变量。

You may need to expand the dialog box to see all the columns in the Data table.
用户可以根据需要展开对话框查看数据表中的所有数据列。

(6) Click OK to return to the Edit Material dialog box.
单击OK返回编辑材料对话框。

reference

[1] Abaqus/CAE User’s Guide [M].