TS学习笔记 --（一）

TS学习笔记

一、类型注解

eg:

function greeter(person: string) {
    return `Hello ${person}` 
}

const user = 'chenhe'
console.log(greeter(user))  // Hello chenhe

二、定义接口

eg:

interface Person {
    firstName: string
    lastName: string
}

function greeter(person: Person) {
    return `Hello ${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`
}

let user = {
    firstName: 'chenhe',
    lastName: 'zhengkai'
}
console.log(greeter(user)) // Hello chenhe zhengkai

ES6版：

class User {
    firstName: string
    lastName: string
    
    constructor(firstName: string, lastName: string) {
        this.firstName = firstName
        this.lastName = lastName
    }
}

interface Person {
    firstName: string
    lastName: string
}

function greeter(person: Person) {
    return `Hello ${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`
}

let user = new User('chenhe', 'zhengkai')
console.log(greeter(user)) // Hello chenhe zhengkai

三、基础类型

Boolean、Number、String、Array、元组、枚举、Any、Void、Null、Undefined、Object、类型断言

1. Boolean

let isDone: boolean = true
let isDone: boolean = false 

2. Number

let decLiteral: number = 20  // 十进制
let binaryLiteral: number = 0b10100  // 二进制 
let octalLiteral: number = 0o24  // 八进制
let hexLiteral: number = 0x14  // 十六进制

3. String

let name: string = 'chenhe'
let name: string = `chenhe`

4. Array

let list: number[] = [1,2,3]
let list: Array<number> = [1,2,3] 

5. 元组

let x: [string, number]
x = ['hello', 20]

6. 枚举

enum Color {
    Red = 1,
    Green,
    Blue
}

let colorName: string = Color[2]
console.log(colorName)  // Green

7. Any

let notSure: any = 4  //  不作类型检查 
notSure = 'Hello'
notSure = false

let list: any[] = [1, true, 'free']

8. void

function warnUser(): void {
    conslole.log(`This is a warning message!`)
}

9. null

let n: null = null

10. undefined

let n: undefined = undefined

11. never

function error(message: string): never {
    throw new Error(message)
}
function fail() {
    return error(`something failed`) 
}

function infiniteLoop(): never {
    while(true) {
        ...
    }
}

12. Object

declare function create(o: object | null): void {
    // declare --- 声明   
}

create(o: {prop: 0})   // OK
create(o: null)   // OK

create(o: 42)    // NO
create(o: 'string')   // NO
create(o: false)   // No

13. 类型断言

let someValue: any = `this is a string`
let strLength: number = (someValue as string).length

四、变量声明

后续待更......