设计模式之单例模式(java实现)

单例模式

• 饿汉模式:类加载到内存中就实例化一个单例,JVM保证线程安全

  • 构造方法设为私有,在类定义的时候实例化

  public class Mgr01 {
  private static final Mgr01 INSTANCE = new Mgr01();
  private  Mgr01() {
      
  }
  public static Mgr01 getInstance() {
      return INSTANCE;
  }
  public void m() {
      //其他业务方法
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      Mgr01 mgr01 = Mgr01.getInstance();
      Mgr01 mgr02 = Mgr01.getInstance();
      System.out.println(mgr01==mgr02);
      }
  }
  

  • 缺点:不管装载与否,类装载时就完成实例化

• 懒汉模式:什么时候使用什么时候初始化

  public class Mgr02 {
  private static Mgr02 INSTANCE ;
  
  private Mgr02() {
      
  }
  public static Mgr02 getInstance() {
      if(INSTANCE==null) {
          /*try {
              Thread.sleep(1);
          }catch(Exception e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }*/
          INSTANCE= new Mgr02(); 
      }
      return INSTANCE;
  }
  public void m() {
      //其他业务方法
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  for(int i =0;i<100;i++) {
      new Thread(()->{
          System.out.println(Mgr02.getInstance().hashCode());
      }).start() ;
      }
      }
  }
  
  

  • 缺点:容易造成线程问题(通过synchronized锁来解决,但是造成效率低下)

• 对懒汉模式的改进(加synchronized)

   public class Mgr05 {
  
  private static Mgr05 INSTANCE;
  
  private Mgr05() {
  
  }
  
  public static Mgr05 getInstance() {
      if (INSTANCE == null) {
          synchronized (Mgr05.class) {
              if (INSTANCE == null) {
                  try {
                      Thread.sleep(1);
                  } catch (Exception e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
                  INSTANCE = new Mgr05();
              }
          }
  
      }
      return INSTANCE;
  }
  
  public void m() {
      // 其他业务方法
  }
  
   public static void main(String[] args) {
       for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
           new Thread(() -> {
               System.out.println(Mgr05.getInstance().hashCode());
           }).start();
       }
   }
  }
  
  

• 静态内部类实现懒加载

  //静态内部类实现懒加载
  public class Mgr03 {
   private Mgr03() {
      
      }
  private static class Mgr03Holer {
      private final static Mgr03 INSTANCE = new Mgr03();
  }
  public static Mgr03 getInstance() {
      return Mgr03Holer.INSTANCE;  
  }
  public void m() {
      //其他业务方法
  }
  
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
          new Thread(() -> {
              System.out.println(Mgr02.getInstance().hashCode());
          }).start();
      }
   }
  }
  

• 枚举单列

   public enum Mgr04 {
   INSTANCE;
     
      public void m() {
     	 //其他业务方法
   }
  
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
          new Thread(() -> {
              System.out.println(Mgr04.INSTANCE.hashCode());
          }).start();
      }
  }
  }