MySQL数据库命令行操作（2）

– 查询
– 查询所有字段
– select * from 表名;
select * from students;

-- 查询指定字段
-- select 列1,列2,... from 表名;
select name, gender from students;

-- 使用 as 给字段起别名
-- select 字段 as 名字.... from 表名;
select name as 姓名, gender as 性别 from students;


-- 可以通过 as 给表起别名
-- select 数据表别名.字段 .... from 表名 as 别名;
select name, gender from students as s;

select students.name, students.gender from students;
-- 失败select students.name, students.gender from students as s;
select s.name, s.gender from students as s;

-- 消除重复行
-- distinct 字段
select gender from students;
select distinct gender from students;

– 条件查询
– 比较运算符
– >
– 查询大于18岁的信息
select * from students where age>18;

	-- <
	-- 查询小于18岁的信息

	-- >=
	-- <=
	-- 查询小于或者等于18岁的信息
	select * from students where age<=18;

	-- =
	-- != 或者 <>


-- 逻辑运算符
	-- and
	-- 18岁以上的女性
	select * from students where age>18 and gender=2;

	-- or
	-- 18以上或者身高查过180(包含)以上
	select * from students where age>18 or height>=180;

	-- not
	-- 不在 18岁以上的女性 这个范围内的信息
	select * from students where age>18 and gender=2;
	select * from students where not (age>18 and gender=2);


-- 模糊查询
	-- like 
	-- %
	-- 查询姓名中 以 "小" 开始的名字
	select name from students where name like "小%";

	-- _
	-- 查询有2个字的名字
	select name from students where name like "__";

	-- 查询有3个字的名字
	select name from students where name like "___";
	

	-- rlike 正则
	-- 查询以 周开始的姓名
	select name from students where name rlike "^周";
	select name from students where name rlike "^周.*伦$";

-- 范围查询
	-- in表示在一个非连续的范围内
	-- 查询 年龄为18、34的姓名
	select name from students where age in (18, 34);
	select name, age from students where age in (18, 34);
	
	-- not in 不非连续的范围之内
	-- 年龄不是 18、34岁之间的信息
	select name, age from students where age not in (18, 34);

	-- between ... and ...表示在一个连续的范围内
	-- 查询 年龄在18到34之间的的信息
	select * from students where age between 18 and 34;

	
	-- not between ... and ...表示不在一个连续的范围内
	-- 查询 年龄不在在18到34之间的的信息
	select * from students where age not between 18 and 34;
	-- 失败select * from students where age not (between 18 and 34);


-- 空判断
	-- 判空is null
	-- 查询身高为空的信息
	select * from students where height is null;

	-- 判非空is not null
	select * from students where height is not null;

– 排序
– order by 字段
– asc从小到大排列，即升序
– 查询年龄在18到34岁之间的男性，按照年龄从小到到排序
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=1 order by age;
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=1 order by age asc;

-- desc从大到小排序，即降序
-- 查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性，身高从高到矮排序
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=2 order by height desc;


-- order by 多个字段
-- 查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性，身高从高到矮排序, 如果身高相同的情况下按照年龄从小到大排序
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=2 order by height desc, age asc;

-- 查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性，身高从高到矮排序, 如果身高相同的情况下按照年龄从小到大排序,
-- 如果年龄也相同那么按照id动大到小排序
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=2 order by height desc, age asc, id desc;

-- 按照年龄从小到大、身高从高到矮的排序
select * from students order by age asc, height desc;

– 聚合函数
– 总数
– count
– 查询男性有多少人，女性有多少人
select count() as 男生的人数 from students where gender=1;
select count() as 女生的人数 from students where gender=2;
select count(name) as 女生的人数 from students where gender=2;

-- 最大值
-- max
-- 查询最大的年龄
select max(age) from students;

-- 查询女性的最高 身高
select max(height) from students where gender=2;


-- 最小值
-- min

-- 求和
-- sum
-- 计算所有人的年龄总和
select sum(age) from students;


-- 平均值
-- avg
-- 计算平均年龄
select avg(age) from students;

-- 计算平均年龄 sum(age)/count(*)
select sum(age) / count(*) from students;


-- 四舍五入 round(123.23 , 1) 保留1位小数
-- 计算所有人的平均年龄，保留2位小数
select round(avg(age), 2) from students;

-- 计算男性的平均身高 保留2位小数
select round(avg(age), 2) from students where gender=1;

– 分组
– group by
– 按照性别分组
select * from students group by gender;
select gender from students group by gender;

select name from students where gender=1;

-- 计算女性的人数
select count(*) as 女性的人数 from students where gender=2 group by gender;

-- 计算男性的人数
select count(*) as 男性的人数 from students where gender=1;

-- 查询所有的性别
select gender from students group by gender;
select distinct gender from students;

-- group_concat(...)
-- 查询同种性别中的姓名
select gender, group_concat(name) from students group by gender;
select gender, group_concat(name, age) from students group by gender;

-- 查询同种性别中的人数count(*)
select gender, count(*) from students group by gender;

-- having
-- 查询每种性别中的平均年龄avg(age)
select gender, avg(age) from students group by gender;

-- 查询平均年龄超过30岁的性别，以及姓名 having avg(age) > 30
select gender, group_concat(name) from students group by gender having avg(age)>30;

– 分页
– limit start, count

-- 查询前5个数据
select * from students limit 0,5;

-- 查询id4-8（包含）的书序
select * from students limit 3,5;

-- 每页显示2个，第1个页面
select * from students limit 0,2;----->每页的数量*(页数-1), 每页的数量

-- 每页显示2个，第2个页面
select * from students limit 2,2;

-- 每页显示2个，第3个页面
select * from students limit 4,2;

-- 每页显示2个，显示第4页的信息, 按照年龄从小到大排序
-- 失败select * from students limit 2*(4-1),2;
select * from students limit 6,2;
-- 失败select * from students limit 6,2 order by age asc;
select * from students order by age asc limit 6,2;

– 链接查询
– inner join … on
– 查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息
select * from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;

-- 按照要求显示字典
select students.name from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;

-- 给数据表起名字
select s.name from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;	

select s.*,c.name from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;

-- 在以上的查询中，将班级姓名显示在第1列
select c.name, s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;

-- 查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息, 按照班级进行排序
-- select c.xxx s.xxx from student as s inner join clssses as c on .... order by ....;
select c.name, s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id order by c.name;

-- left join
-- 查询每位学生对应的班级信息
select s.*, c.name from students as s left join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;

-- 查询没有对应班级信息的学生
-- select ... from xxx as s left join xxx as c on..... where .....
-- select ... from xxx as s left join xxx as c on..... having .....
select s.*, c.name from students as s left join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id where c.name is null;
select s.*, c.name from students as s left join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id having c.name is null;

-- right join
-- 将数据表名字互换位置，用left join完成

– 自关联
– 查询所有省份
select * from areas where pid is null;

-- 查询出山东省有哪些市
select * from areas as city inner join areas as province on city.pid=province.aid where province.atitle="山东省";

-- 查询出青岛市有哪些县城
select * from areas as city inner join areas as province on city.pid=province.aid where province.atitle="青岛市";

– 子查询
– 标量子查询
– 查询出高于平均身高的信息
– 失败select * from students height > avg(height);
– 失败select * from students where height > select avg(height) from students;
select * from students where height > (select avg(height) from students);

-- 列子查询
-- 查询学生的班级号能够对应的学生信息
select * from students where cls_id in (1, 2);
select * from students where cls_id in (select id from classes);