一、概念
JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) JavaScript对象表示法
Person p = new Person();
p.setName("张三");
p.setAge("23");
p.setGender("男");
var p = {"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男"};
json现在多用于存储和交换文本信息的语法
优点:
进行数据的传输
JSON比 XML 更小、更快、更易解析
二、语法
2.1基本规则
数据在名称/值中:json数据是由键值对构成的
值的取值类型
数字(整数和浮点数)
字符串(在双引号中)
逻辑值(true/false)
数组([]){"person":[{},{}]}
对象({}){"address":{"province":"陕西"....}}
null
数据由逗号分隔:多个键值对由逗号隔开
花括号保存对象:{}
方括号保存数组:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script>
// 标准格式
var person = {"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":true};
//alert(person);
// 嵌套格式
var persons = {
"person":[
{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"小李","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"小五","age":23,"gender":true}
]
};
//alert(persons);
// 嵌套格式
var ps =[{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"小李","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"小五","age":23,"gender":true}];
alert(ps);
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
最后一种,以数组的形式出现:
2.2获取数据
json对象.键名
json对象["键名"]
数组对象[索引]
获取名字:
var person = {"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":true};
//alert(person);
var name = person.name;
alert(name);
或者:
var person = {"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":true};
//alert(person);
//var name = person.name;
var name = person["name"];
alert(name);
嵌套模式下:
// 嵌套格式
var persons = {
"person":[
{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"小李","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"小五","age":23,"gender":true}
]
};
var name1 = persons.person[0].name;
alert(name1);
输出结果:
// 嵌套格式
var ps =[{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"小李","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"小五","age":23,"gender":true}];
alert(ps[1].name);
输出结果:
获取person对象中的所有的键和值:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script>
// 标准格式
var person = {"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":true};
var ps =[{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"小李","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"小五","age":23,"gender":true}];
// for in 循环
for(var key in person){
alert(key+":"+person[key]);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
获取ps中的所有值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script>
// 标准格式
var person = {"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":true};
var ps =[{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"小李","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"小五","age":23,"gender":true}];
for(var i =0; i< ps.length;i++){
var p = ps[i];
for(var key in p){
alert(key+":"+p[key]);
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
三、JSON数据和JAVA对象的转换
JSON解析器:
常见的解析器:Jsonlib Gson fastjson jackson
3.1导入Jackson的jar包的方法
上网址:https://mvnrepository.com/(链接有可能失效)
搜索框中搜索Jackson
前三个都需要下载
以第一个包示例,点开Jackson Databind,选择一个版本:
点开2.13.0:
选择Files行的 “View All”,以下选择一个jar包:
后面两个jar包的下载不再赘述:
下载好的如下所示:
新建包如下图所示:
如下图所示:在web新建Directory "WEB-INF",在"WEB-INF"下新建Directory“lib”,将下载好的jar包复制到lib中
复制完毕后,右键“lib”,选择Add as Library:
Level选择Module Library
jar包就可以使用了!
3.2 JSON 转为 JAVA
使用步骤:
1.导入Jackson的相关jar包
2.创建Jackson核心对象ObjectMapper
3.调用ObjectMapper的相关方法进行转换
readValue(json字符串数据,Class)
@Test
public void text5() throws Exception{
// 初始化字符串
String json ="{\"gender\":\"男\",\"name\":\"张三\",\"age\":23}";
// 创建objectmapper对象
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
// 转为java
person person = mapper.readValue(json,person.class);
System.out.println(person);
}
测试结果(转为person对象):
3.3 JAVA转为JSON
使用步骤:
1.导入Jackson的相关jar包
2.创建Jackson核心对象ObjectMapper
3.调用ObjectMapper的相关方法进行转换
接下来新建person对象
package cn.itcast.domain;
public class person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String gender;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
创建Test类
package cn.itcast.test;
import cn.itcast.domain.person;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.junit.Test;
public class JacksonTest {
// java对象转为json字符串
@Test
public void test() throws Exception{
// 创建person对象
person p = new person();
p.setName("Jerry");
p.setAge(23);
p.setGender("男");
// 创建Jackson的核心对象 ObjectMapper
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
// 转换
/*
转换方法:
writeValue(参数1,obj):
参数1:
File:obj对象转为JSON字符串,并保存到指定字符串
Writer:obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字符输出流中
OutputStream:obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字节输出流中
writeValueAsString(obj):将对象转为json字符串
*/
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);
System.out.println(json);
}
}
测试结果:
成功!
还有两个方法:
// writeValue,将数据写入d://a.txt文件中
mapper.writeValue(new File("d://a.txt"),p); // d盘会出现a.txt
// writeValue,数据关联
mapper.writeValue(new FileWriter("d://b.txt"),p);
结果:
3.4 注解
@JsonIgnore : 排除属性
@JsonFormat:属性值要格式化
在person类中新增birthday:
//@JsonIgnore
@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
private Date birthday;
@Test
public void text2() throws Exception{
person p = new person();
p.setName("Jerry");
p.setAge(23);
p.setGender("男");
p.setBirthday(new Date());
// 转换
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);
System.out.println(json);
}
测试结果:
3.5 复杂的java对象转换
List(数组)
Map(和对象格式一样)
@Test
public void text3() throws Exception{
person p = new person();
p.setName("Jerry");
p.setAge(23);
p.setGender("男");
p.setBirthday(new Date());
person p1 = new person();
p1.setName("Jerry");
p1.setAge(23);
p1.setGender("男");
p1.setBirthday(new Date());
person p2 = new person();
p2.setName("Jerry");
p2.setAge(23);
p2.setGender("男");
p2.setBirthday(new Date());
// 创建list集合
List<person> ps = new ArrayList<>();
ps.add(p);
ps.add(p1);
ps.add(p2);
// 转换
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(ps);
System.out.println(json);
}
输出结果(数组的形式):
map例子
@Test
public void text4() throws Exception{
// 创建Map集合
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
map.put("name","xiaomi");
map.put("age",23);
map.put("gender","男");
// 转换
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(map);
System.out.println(json);
}
输出结果: