Python数据分析实战【第三章】2.9-Pandas时刻数据：Timestamp【python】

【课程2.9】 Pandas时刻数据：Timestamp

时刻数据代表时间点，是pandas的数据类型，是将值与时间点相关联的最基本类型的时间序列数据

pandas.Timestamp()

1.pd.Timestamp()

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

date1 = datetime.datetime(2016,12,1,12,45,30)  # 创建一个datetime.datetime
date2 = '2017-12-21'  # 创建一个字符串
t1 = pd.Timestamp(date1)
t2 = pd.Timestamp(date2)
print(t1,type(t1))
print(t2)
print(pd.Timestamp('2017-12-21 15:00:22'))
# 直接生成pandas的时刻数据 → 时间戳
# 数据类型为 pandas的Timestamp
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2016-12-01 12:45:30 <class 'pandas.tslib.Timestamp'>
2017-12-21 00:00:00
2017-12-21 15:00:22

2.pd.to_datetime单个数据

from datetime import datetime

date1 = datetime(2016,12,1,12,45,30)
date2 = '2017-12-21'
t1 = pd.to_datetime(date1)
t2 = pd.to_datetime(date2)
print(t1,type(t1))
print(t2,type(t2))
# pd.to_datetime()：如果是单个时间数据，转换成pandas的时刻数据，数据类型为Timestamp

lst_date = [ '2017-12-21', '2017-12-22', '2017-12-23']
t3 = pd.to_datetime(lst_date)
print(t3,type(t3))
# 多个时间数据，将会转换为pandas的DatetimeIndex
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2016-12-01 12:45:30 <class 'pandas.tslib.Timestamp'>
2017-12-21 00:00:00 <class 'pandas.tslib.Timestamp'>
DatetimeIndex(['2017-12-21', '2017-12-22', '2017-12-23'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None) <class 'pandas.tseries.index.DatetimeIndex'>

3.pd.to_datetime → 多个时间数据转换时间戳索引

date1 = [datetime(2015,6,1),datetime(2015,7,1),datetime(2015,8,1),datetime(2015,9,1),datetime(2015,10,1)]
date2 = ['2017-2-1','2017-2-2','2017-2-3','2017-2-4','2017-2-5','2017-2-6']
print(date1)
print(date2)
t1 = pd.to_datetime(date2)
t2 = pd.to_datetime(date2)
print(t1)
print(t2)
# 多个时间数据转换为 DatetimeIndex

date3 = ['2017-2-1','2017-2-2','2017-2-3','hello world!','2017-2-5','2017-2-6']
t3 = pd.to_datetime(date3, errors = 'ignore')
print(t3,type(t3))
# 当一组时间序列中夹杂其他格式数据，可用errors参数返回
# errors = 'ignore':不可解析时返回原始输入，这里就是直接生成一般数组

t4 = pd.to_datetime(date3, errors = 'coerce')
print(t4,type(t4))
# errors = 'coerce':不可扩展，缺失值返回NaT（Not a Time），结果认为DatetimeIndex
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
[datetime.datetime(2015, 6, 1, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2015, 7, 1, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2015, 8, 1, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2015, 9, 1, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2015, 10, 1, 0, 0)]
['2017-2-1', '2017-2-2', '2017-2-3', '2017-2-4', '2017-2-5', '2017-2-6']
DatetimeIndex(['2017-02-01', '2017-02-02', '2017-02-03', '2017-02-04',
               '2017-02-05', '2017-02-06'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)
DatetimeIndex(['2017-02-01', '2017-02-02', '2017-02-03', '2017-02-04',
               '2017-02-05', '2017-02-06'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)
['2017-2-1' '2017-2-2' '2017-2-3' 'hello world!' '2017-2-5' '2017-2-6'] <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
DatetimeIndex(['2017-02-01', '2017-02-02', '2017-02-03', 'NaT', '2017-02-05',
               '2017-02-06'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None) <class 'pandas.tseries.index.DatetimeIndex'>

【课程2.9 Pandas时刻数据：Timestamp】 课程作业
作业1：请通过迭代创建一个时间列表（如图，时间区间为任意一个月，这里可以用for语句），然后转化成DatetimeIndex，并print月中是多少号。

datelst = []
for i in range(1,32):
    datelst.append('2017-12-%i' %i)
print('创建时间列表为：\n',datelst,'\n------')
t = pd.to_datetime(datelst)
print('转化成DatetimeIndex为：\n',t,'\n------')
n = (len(t) + 1)/2 - 1
print('月中日期为：\n',t[int(n)],'\n------')

作业2：请如图创建一个包含时间日期的txt文件，通过open语句读取后转化成DatetimeIndex

f = open('C:/Users/Hjx/Desktop/date.txt','r')
s = f.readline()
datelst = s.split(',')
print('读取txt文件为：\n',datelst,'\n------')
t = pd.to_datetime(datelst)
print('转化成DatetimeIndex为：\n',t,'\n------')