学号后三位:467
实验来源&参考文献:https://github.com/mengning/linuxkernel/
实验环境配置
本次试验使用Ubuntu Linux作为实验平台。
打开Terminal终端,输入如下指令:
sudo apt-get install qemu
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/qemu-system-i386 /usr/bin/qemu
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.9.4.tar.xz #安装linux kernel
wget https://raw.github.com/mengning/mykernel/master/mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
xz -d linux-3.9.4.tar.xz
tar -xvf linux-3.9.4.tar
cd linux-3.9.4
patch -p1 < ../mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
make allnoconfig
make
qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage
此时会弹出QEMU窗口不断输出my_timer_handler here
阅读源码
cd mykernel
输入如上命令看到qemu窗口输出的内容的代码mymain.c和myinterrupt.c
通过阅读源码可知,mymain.c和myinterrupt.c均有一个while循环体结构,不断输出代码中printf的内容。
此为mykernel启动之后,系统周期性的调用myinterrupt.c中的my_timer_handler函数和mymain.c中的my_start_kernel函数。
时间片轮转多道程序
首先从孟老师的github下载源码,对源码进行替换:
https://github.com/mengning/mykernel
替换掉mymain.c mypcb.h myinterrupt.c三个文件
再次打开终端编译内核,执行如下指令:
cd linux-3.9.4
patch -p1 < ../mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
make allnoconfig
make
qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage
mypcb.h
/*
* linux/mykernel/mypcb.h
*
* Kernel internal PCB types
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning
*
*/
#define MAX_TASK_NUM 4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE 1024*2 # unsigned long
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
unsigned long ip; //定义指令指针
unsigned long sp; //定义堆栈指针
};
typedef struct PCB{ //定义PCB进程控制块
int pid;
volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
unsigned long stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread thread;
unsigned long task_entry;
struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;
void my_schedule(void); //声明进程调度函数my_schedule
该文件定义了一个PCB进程控制块,用以存储进程信息。并声明了进程调度函数,使得定义的PCB成为通用结构。
mymain.c
/*
* linux/mykernel/mymain.c
*
* Kernel internal my_start_kernel
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning
*
*/
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "mypcb.h"
tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM]; //定义了PCB的结构体数组
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL; //定义了一个指针,指向PCB结构体类型的变量,并将初值置为空
volatile int my_need_sched = 0; //定义了标志位,标志进程是否需要调度
void my_process(void); //声明进程函数
void __init my_start_kernel(void) //初始化内核
{
int pid = 0; //定义0号进程
int i;
/* Initialize process 0*/
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].next = &task[pid];
/*fork more process */
for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
{
memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
task[i].pid = i;
//*(&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1] - 1) = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)(&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1]);
task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
task[i-1].next = &task[i];
}
/* start process 0 by task[0] */
pid = 0;
my_current_task = &task[pid];
asm volatile( //嵌入式汇编,让进程运行起来
"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
"pushl %1\n\t" /* push ebp */
"pushl %0\n\t" /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
"ret\n\t" /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
:
: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp) /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
); //为0号进程分配cpu资源
}
int i = 0;
void my_process(void)
{
while(1)
{
i++;
if(i%10000000 == 0)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
if(my_need_sched == 1) //判断标志位是否为1
{
my_need_sched = 0;
my_schedule();
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
}
}
}
mymain.c新建了PCB的结构体数组,并设置标志位。初始化进程0后运行void __init my_start_kernel(void)函数,再初始化另外三个进程的PCB,并以链表的结构将其链接。
myinterrupt.c
/*
* linux/mykernel/myinterrupt.c
*
* Kernel internal my_timer_handler
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning
*
*/
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "mypcb.h"
extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0; //时间计数器
/*
* Called by timer interrupt.
* it runs in the name of current running process,
* so it use kernel stack of current running process
*/
void my_timer_handler(void)//时间中断程序
{
#if 1
if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");//如果计数器为1000并且标志位不等于1那么执行此条语句
my_need_sched = 1;
}
time_count ++ ;
#endif
return;
}
void my_schedule(void)
{
tPCB* next; //表示下一个运行的进程
tPCB * prev; //表示当前正在运行的进程
if(my_current_task == NULL
|| my_current_task->next == NULL)
{
return;
}//如果当前任务为空或者没有其他进程需要执行返回
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
/* schedule */
next = my_current_task->next;
prev = my_current_task;
if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
{
/* switch to next process */
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
"1:\t" /* next process start here */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
); //嵌入式汇编保存了当前进程的PCB信息用来为进程调度做准备
my_current_task = next; //调度下一进程
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
}
else
{
next->state = 0;
my_current_task = next;
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
/* switch to new process */
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl %2,%%ebp\n\t" /* restore ebp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
}
return;
}
my_timer_handler()函数主要实现了每经过1000次对my_need_sched进行检查,若其为0,则将其置为1使其获得处理机资源。
my_schedule()函数是现实进程之间的切换,prev和next分别指向当前进程和下一进程。
嵌入式汇编语言分析:
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" //将BP中的内容压栈
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" //将SP的内容保存在当前进程SP中
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" //将下一进程的SP寄存器内容保存到当前SP寄存器
"movl %2,%%ebp\n\t" //将下一进程的BP寄存器内容保存到当前BP寄存器
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" //将下条指令的地址保存到IP中
"pushl %3\n\t" //将下一进程的IP压入栈中
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip * //返回指令
总结
本次试验让我们编译并理解时间片轮转调度算法。每个进程被分配一个时间段,称作它的时间片,即该进程允许运行的时间。如果在时间片结束时进程还在运行,则CPU将被剥夺并分配给另一个进程。如果进程在时间片结束前阻塞或结束,则CPU当即进行切换。调度程序所要做的就是维护一张就绪进程列表,当进程用完它的时间片后,它被移到队列的末尾。