Python学习day04

类和对象

类是对象的模板， 对象是类的实例
类创建对象被称为实例化。

类的定义

面向对象的类中只有属性和方法（函数）

class 类名（）:
	# TODO 属性
    def 方法1(self, 参数列表):
        pass

    def 方法2(self, 参数列表):
        pass

创建对象

对象名 = 类名()

自定义 ： 小猫 爱 吃 鱼，小猫 要 喝 水。

# 类名 大驼峰 （单词首字母都大写）
class Cat():
   def eat(self):
       print("小猫爱吃鱼")
   def drink(self):
       print("小猫爱喝水")

# 使用类
cat1 = Cat()
# 调用方法
cat1.eat()
cat1.drink()
class Car():
   def drive(self):
       print("开车")
   def destory(self):
       print("报废车")
car1=Car()
car1.drive()
car1.destory()
def haha():
   print("haha")

属性的定义

初阶定义

class Cat():
   name = None
   color = None
   def eat(self):
       print("小猫爱吃鱼")
   def drink(self):
       print("小猫爱喝水")
c1 = Cat()
print(c1.name)
c1.name = "豆豆"
c1.color = 'white'
print(c1.name)
print(c1.color)
c2 = Cat()
# c2.name = "豆花"
c2.name = "豆豆"
c2.color = 'white'
print(c2.name)
# 区分是两个不同的对象
print(id(c1))
print(id(c2))

self的含义

class Cat():
   def __init__(self):
       """构造方法：类被实例化的时候会自动调用"""
       print("__init__被调用")
       self.name = "豆豆"
   def eat(self):
       print("self 的地址是 {}".format(id(self)))
       print("小猫爱吃鱼")
   def drink(self):
       print("小猫爱喝水")
# Cat() 匿名对象
# self ： 代表当前类对象
cat1 = Cat()
print("cat1 id = ", id(cat1))
cat1.eat()
cat2 = Cat()
print("cat2 id = ", id(cat2))
cat2.eat()

有参构造函数

class Cat():
    def __init__(self, name, color, age=1):
        """构造方法：类被实例化的时候会自动调用"""
        self.name = name
        self.color = color
        self.age=age
    def eat(self):
        print("self 的地址是 {}".format(id(self)))
        print("小猫爱吃鱼")
    def drink(self):
        print("小猫爱喝水")
c1 = Cat("豆豆", "black")
c2 = Cat("豆花", "white")
c3 = Cat("花卷", "white", 5)
c4 = Cat()
print(c1.name)
print(c2.name)
print(c2.age)
print(c3.age)

str

class Cat():
    def __init__(self, name, color, age=1):
        """构造方法：类被实例化的时候会自动调用"""
        self.name = name
        self.color = color
        self.age=age
    def eat(self):
        print("self 的地址是 {}".format(id(self)))
        print("小猫爱吃鱼")
    def drink(self):
        print("小猫爱喝水")
    def __str__(self):
        return "小猫名字是：{}, " \
               "颜色： {}   age = {}".format(self.name, self.color, self.age)
c1 = Cat("豆豆", "black")
c2 = Cat("豆花", "white")
print(c1)
print(c2)

面向对象vs 面向过程

# 面向过程
def carInfo(brand, price):
    print("the car's brand is {}, price = {}".format(brand, price))
print("面向过程")
carInfo("passat", 250000)
carInfo("audi", 250000)
# 面向对象
class Car():
    def __init__(self,brand,price):
        self.brand=brand
        self.price=price
    def __str__(self):
        return"汽车品牌是:{}价格:{}".format(self.brand,self.price)
c1=Car("passat",250000)
print(c1)
c2=Car("audi",250000)
print(c2)

新需求—加一个行驶里程显示的功能

# 面向过程
def carInfo(brand, price):
    print("the car's brand is {}, price = {}".format(brand, price))
def showDistance(oldDistance, distance):
    return oldDistance + distance
print("面向过程")
carInfo("passat", 250000)
carInfo("audi", 250000)
print(showDistance(200, 300))
# 面向对象
class Car():
    def __init__(self,brand,price):
        self.brand=brand
        self.price=price
        self.distance = 0
    def __str__(self):
        return"汽车品牌是:{}价格:{}".format(self.brand,self.price)
    def showDistance(self, distance):
        return self.distance + distance
c1=Car("passat",250000)
print(c1)
print(c1.showDistance(5000))
print(c1.showDistance(300))
c2=Car("audi",250000)
print(c2)