使用蒙特卡洛思想解决三门问题(Java和Python实现)

public class ThreeGatesExperiment {

    private int N;
    // 构造函数
    public ThreeGatesExperiment(int N){

        if(N <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("N must be larger than 0!");

        this.N = N;
    }

    /**
     * @param changeDoor 是否换门
     */
    public void run(boolean changeDoor){

        int wins = 0;
        for(int i = 0 ; i < N ; i ++)
            if(play(changeDoor))
                wins ++;

        System.out.println(changeDoor ? "Change" : "Not Change");
        System.out.println("winning rate: " + (double)wins/N);
    }
    /**
     * @param changeDoor 是否换门
     */
    private boolean play(boolean changeDoor){
//        double random=Math.random();//返回[0,1)随机数
//        (int)(Math.random()*6)//返回0-5；随机数
//        (int)(Math.random()*6+1)//返回1-6，随机骰子
        // Door 0, 1, 2
        int prizeDoor = (int)(Math.random() * 3);
        int playerChoice = (int)(Math.random() * 3);

        if( playerChoice == prizeDoor)
            return changeDoor ? false : true;
        else
            return changeDoor ? true : false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 模拟100万次
        int N = 10000000;
        ThreeGatesExperiment exp = new ThreeGatesExperiment(N);

        exp.run(true);
        System.out.println();
        exp.run(false);
    }
}

Python实现

from random import random
class ThreeGatesExperiment():
    def __init__(self, N):
        assert N>=0, "N must be larger than 0!"
        self.N = N;
    def _play(self, changeDoor):
        prizeDoor = (int)(random() * 3)
        playerChoice = (int)(random() * 3)
        if(playerChoice == prizeDoor):
            return False if changeDoor else True;
        else:
            return True if changeDoor else False;
    def run(self, changeDoor):
        wins = 0
        for i in range(N):
            if self._play(changeDoor):
                wins += 1
        print("Change" if changeDoor else "Not Change")
        print("winning rate: " , wins/N)
# 模拟100万次
N = 10000000
exp = ThreeGatesExperiment(N);
exp.run(True);
print()
exp.run(False);