数字图像处理本科教学版（第三章）讲解

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-13 17:24:18 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39278144/article/details/128210410

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本文详细讲解了数字图像处理中的频率域滤波，包括相关库函数的使用和多个课本例题的演示，如低通、高通滤波器的应用，以及图像处理效果的展示。读者可以通过例题代码理解并实践图像的频率域处理。

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第三章频率域滤波
首先，我将把我们需要用到库函数代码先公布出来，其次我将分别用书上的例题一一例举出来。
一、相关库函数
下面展示一些 内联代码片。

tofloat函数

function [out, revertclass]=tofloat(in)
%tofloat convert image to floating point
 
identity=@(x) x;
tosingle=@im2single;
 
table={
   'uint8', tosingle, @im2uint8
    'uint16', tosingle, @im2uint16
    'int16', tosingle, @im2int16
    'logical', tosingle, @logical
    'double', identity, identity
    'single', identity, identity};
classIndex=find(strcmp(class(in),table(:,1)));
if isempty(classIndex)
error('Unsupported inut image class.')
end
 
out=table{
   classIndex,2}(in);
revertclass=table{
   classIndex,3};
下面展示一些 `内联代码片`。

hpfilter函数

function H = hpfilter(type, M, N, D0, n)
% LPFILTER Computes frequency domain highpass filters
%   H = HPFILTER(TYPE, M, N, D0, n) creates the transfer function of a
%   highpass filter, H, of the specified TYPE and size (M-by-N). To view the
%   filter as an image or mesh plot, it should be centered using H =
%   fftshift(H)
%   Valid value for TYPE, D0, and n are:
%   'ideal' Ideal highpass filter with cutoff frequency D0. n need not be
%           supplied. D0 must be positive.
%   'btw'   Butterworth highpass filter of order n, and cutoff D0. The
%           default value for n is 1.0. D0 must be positive.
%   'gaussian'Gaussian highpass filter with cutoff (standard deviation) D0.
%           n need not be supplied. D0 must be positive.
% The transfer function Hhp of highpass filter is 1 - Hlp, where Hlp is the
% transfer function of the corresponding lowpass filter. Thus, we can use
% function lpfilter to generate highpass filters.
%
% 计算给定类型（理想、巴特沃兹、高斯）的频域高通滤波器

% Use function dftuv to set up the meshgrid arrays needed for computing the
% required distances.
if nargin == 4
    n = 1;
end
Hlp = lpfilter(type, M, N, D0, n);
H = 1 - Hlp;      
function H = hpfilter(type, M, N, D0, n)
% LPFILTER Computes frequency domain highpass filters
%   H = HPFILTER(TYPE, M, N, D0, n) creates the transfer function of a
%   highpass filter, H, of the specified TYPE and size (M-by-N). To view the
%   filter as an image or mesh plot, it should be centered using H =
%   fftshift(H)
%   Valid value for TYPE, D0, and n are:
%   'ideal' Ideal highpass filter with cutoff frequency D0. n need not be
%           supplied. D0 must be positive.
%   'btw'   Butterworth highpass filter of order n, and cutoff D0. The
%           default value for n is 1.0. D0 must be positive.
%   'gaussian'Gaussian highpass filter with cutoff (standard deviation) D0.
%           n need not be supplied. D0 must be positive.
% The transfer function Hhp of highpass filter is 1 - Hlp, where Hlp is the
% transfer function of the corresponding lowpass filter. Thus, we can use
% function lpfilter to generate highpass filters.
%
% 计算给定类型（理想、巴特沃兹、高斯）的频域高通滤波器

% Use function dftuv to set up the meshgrid arrays needed for computing the
% required distances.
if nargin == 4
    n = 1;
end
Hlp = lpfilter(type, M, N, D0, n);
H = 1 - Hlp;

dftuv函数

function [U, V] = dftuv(M, N)
% DFTUV Computes meshgrid frequency matrices.
% [U, V] = DFTUV(M, N) computes meshgrid frequency matrices U and V. U and
% V are useful for computing frequency-domain filter functions that can be
% used with DFTFILT. U and V are both M-by-N.
% more details to see the textbook Page 93
%
% [U，V] = DFTUV（M，N）计算网格频率矩阵U和V。 U和V对于计算可与DFTFILT一起使用的
% 频域滤波器函数很有用。 U和V都是M-by-N。更多细节见冈萨雷斯教材93页

% Set up range of variables.
% 设置变量范围
u = 0 : (M - 1);
v = 0 : (N - 1);

% Compute the indices for use in meshgrid.
% 计算网格的索引，即将网络的原点转移到左上角，因为FFT计算时变换的原点在左上角。
idx = find(u > M / 2);
u(idx) = u(idx) - M;
idy = find(v - N / 2);
v(idy) = v