Springcloud---B站学习总结---Springcloud Alibaba---@SentinelResource注解配置，服务熔断功能

Springcloud—B站学习总结—Springcloud Alibaba—服务熔断功能

Ribbon系列

1. 启动nacos和sentinel
2. 编写提供者9003和9004
3. 编写消费者84
   

消费者84通过Ribbon(自带负载均衡)调用服务提供者9003和9004

由以上可知我们需要为消费者84配置服务熔断，降级，限流，接下来编写消费者84moudle

步骤：
1.创建84模块
2.pom

3.YML文件

	server:
	  port: 84
	
	
	spring:
	  application:
	    name: nacos-order-consumer
	  cloud:
	    nacos:
	      discovery:
	        #注册进Nacos地址
	        server-addr: localhost:8848
	    sentinel:
	      transport:
	        #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
	        dashboard: localhost:8080
	        #默认8719端口，假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
	        port: 8719
	
	#消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)
	service-url:
	  nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider
	
	# 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
	feign:
	  sentinel:
	    enabled: true

4.编写主启动类

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderNacosMain84
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
    }
}

5.编写业务类
    (1).编写ApplicationContextConfig类(RestTemplate的配置类，注入到springboot容器中)

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig
{
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
    {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

    (2).编写CircleBreakerController类(解决服务熔断问题)

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback") //没有配置
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback只负责业务异常
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规
//    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler",
//            exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);

        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }

        return result;
    }
    //本例是fallback
    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
    }
    //本例是blockHandler
    public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id,BlockException blockException) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
    }

    //==================OpenFeign
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
    }
}

编写CircleBreakerController类时注意

1. 修改后请从新启动微服务，热部署 对java代码很敏感，但是对于@SentinelResource注解里面的属性修改后并不敏感

2. 目的：

   1. fallback管理运行异常
   2. blockHandler管理配置违规(配置违规指的是在sentinel监控台中配置违规的)

测试

1.@SentinelResource注解中只有value属性

fallback方法使用Ribbon和RestTemplate调用rest风格的地址@GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    
    //@SentinelResource注解除了value属性没有其他属性配置
    //单独配置@SentinelResource注解是为了让Sentinel可以接受到
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback") 
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);

        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }
        return result;
    }
 }   

@GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")代码

@GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        Payment payment = hashMap.get(id);
        CommonResult<Payment> result = new CommonResult(200,"from mysql,serverPort:  "+serverPort,payment);
        return result;
    }

由上述代码可知，@SentinelResource注解中只配置value属性，其他属性都不配置，如果程序出错就会给客户error页面，不友好

2.@SentinelResource注解中配置value，fallback属性

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    
	//fallback只负责业务异常/程序运行时异常，fallback对应的是异常出现时的兜底方法，类似服务降级
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") 
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);

        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }

        return result;
    }
    
    //本例是fallback
    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
    }
 }

由上述代码可知，@SentinelResource注解中配置fallback属性，fallback负责程序运行时异常，功能类似于Hystrix的降级

3.@SentinelResource注解中配置value，blockHandler属性

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    
	//blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") 
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);

        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }

        return result;
    }

    //本例是blockHandler
    public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id,BlockException blockException) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
    }
  }

由上述代码可知，@SentinelResource注解中配置blockHandler属性，blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置的违规

4.@SentinelResource注解中配置value，fallback，blockHandler属性

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler")
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);

        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }

        return result;
    }
    
    //本例是fallback
    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
    }
    
    //本例是blockHandler
    public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id,BlockException blockException) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
    }
 }

结果：

4.@SentinelResource注解中属性：exceptionsToIgnore

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")sentinel控制台配置违规
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler",exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);

        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }

        return result;
    }
    
    //本例是fallback
    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
    }
    
    //本例是blockHandler
    public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id,BlockException blockException) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
    }
  }

消费者84通过Feign调用服务提供者9003和9004,一般Feign组件都是在消费者那一侧

1.修改84模块(Feign一般都是在消费者模块那边)

2.改pom

3.写YML

因为使用的OpenFeign，所以要在YML中写激活Sentinel对Feign的支持，还有消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)

server:
  port: 84


spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-order-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        #注册进Nacos地址
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        dashboard: localhost:8080
        #默认8719端口，假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
        port: 8719

#消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)
service-url:
  nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider

# 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true

4.写主启动类

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
//@EnableFeignClients注解：启用和激活OpenFeign
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderNacosMain84
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
    }
}

5.编写业务类使用Feign（接口+注解(@FeignClient)，controller调用service）

接口

//@FeignClient注解，value属性：我们要去找"nacos-payment-provider"这个微服务
//fallback属性，统一兜底，避免耦合
@FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentService
{
	//这个URL写的是我们正经要调用的对应的URL
    @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}

写接口的实现类

//@Component注解不要忘了，写上了才能被spring容器发现，可以使用
@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentService
{
    @Override
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id)
    {
        return new CommonResult<>(44444,"服务降级返回,---PaymentFallbackService",new Payment(id,"errorSerial"));
    }
}

使用OpenFeign调用的方式进行远程调用

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    //==================OpenFeign
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
    }
}

熔断框架比较