Keepalived 介绍
Keepalived 的作用是检测服务器的状态,如果有一台服务器宕机,或工作出现故障,Keepalived 将检测到并将有故障的服务器从系统中剔除,同时使用其他服务器代替该服务器的工作,当服务器工作正常后 Keepalived 自动将服务器加入到服务器群中,这些工作全部自动完成,不需要人工干涉,需要人工做的只是修复故障的服务器。
Keepalived 安装
安装 Keepalived 需要的扩展
# 安装依赖
[root@localhost src]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ openssl openssl-devel wget -y
# 进入一个自己建立放安装包的文件夹内下载文件
[root@localhost src]# wget https://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived1.2.18.tar.gz
用 wget 下载不了,直接用浏览器打开下载再上传上来
直接访问即可下载:https://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived1.2.18.tar.gz
下载站点:https://www.keepalived.org/download.html
解压 Keepalived 并安装
[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.18.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd keepalived-1.2.18
[root@localhost keepalived-1.2.18]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
[root@localhost keepalived-1.2.18]# make && make install
将 Keepalived 安装成 Linux 系统服务
因为没有使用 Keepalived 的默认路径安装(默认是/usr/local),安装完成之后,需要做一些工作,复制默认文件到默认路径:
[root@localhost keepalived-1.2.18]# mkdir /etc/keepalived
[root@localhost keepalived-1.2.18]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
复制 Keepalived 服务脚本到默认的地址
[root@localhost keepalived-1.2.18]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
[root@localhost keepalived-1.2.18]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@localhost keepalived-1.2.18]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
设置 Keepalived 服务开机启动
[root@localhost keepalived-1.2.18]# chkconfig keepalived on
Keepalived 配置文件
配置文件为:keepalived.conf
按照上面的安装,配置文件在:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
Keepalived 主机配置
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id LVS_MASTER
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "/etc/keepalived/haproxy_check.sh" ## 检测 haproxy 状态的脚本路径
interval 2 ## 检测时间间隔
weight 2 ## 如果条件成立,权重+2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 79
priority 100
advert_int 1
nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.183.111
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
}
}
# 写VIP virtual_server,只配置本地机器
virtual_server 192.168.29.111 3307 {# 定义虚拟服务器,地址与上面的virtual_ipaddress相同
delay_loop 3 # 健康检查时间间隔,3秒
lb_algo rr # 负载均衡调度算法:rr|wrr|lc|wlc|sh|dh|lblc
lb_kind DR # 负载均衡转发规则:NAT|DR|TUN
# persistence_timeout 5 # 会话保持时间5秒,动态服务建议开启
protocol TCP # 转发协议protocol,一般有tcp和udp两种
# real_server 为当前服务器的IP地址
real_server 192.168.183.180 3307 {
weight 1 # 权重越大负载分越大,0表示失效
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
Keepalived 从服务配置
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id LVS_MASTER
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "/etc/keepalived/haproxy_check.sh" ## 检测 haproxy 状态的脚本路径
interval 2 ## 检测时间间隔
weight 2 ## 如果条件成立,权重+2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 79
priority 90
advert_int 1
nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.183.111 #代表 Keepalived 需要使用到的IP,和主服务的一致
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
}
}
# 写VIP virtual_server,只配置本地机器
virtual_server 192.168.29.111 3307 {# 定义虚拟服务器,地址与上面的virtual_ipaddress相同
delay_loop 3 # 健康检查时间间隔,3秒
lb_algo rr # 负载均衡调度算法:rr|wrr|lc|wlc|sh|dh|lblc
lb_kind DR # 负载均衡转发规则:NAT|DR|TUN
# persistence_timeout 5 # 会话保持时间5秒,动态服务建议开启
protocol TCP # 转发协议protocol,一般有tcp和udp两种
# real_server 当前服务器的IP地址
real_server 192.168.183.181 3307 {
weight 1 # 权重越大负载分越大,0表示失效
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
MySQL高可用搭建
设置 Haproxy 状态脚本
注意下方的路径是否与你的一致
Haproxy 安装与配置介绍:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39408664/article/details/119487726
[root@localhost keepalived]# touch /etc/keepalived/haproxy_check.sh
[root@localhost keepalived]# vi /etc/keepalived/haproxy_check.sh
#!/bin/bash
START_HAPROXY="/usr/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg" #haproxy启动命令
LOG_FILE="/usr/local/keepalived/log/haproxy-check.log" # 日志文件
HAPS=`ps -C haproxy --no-header |wc -l` # 检测haproxy的状态,0代表未启动,1已经启动
date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" >> $LOG_FILE #在日志文件当中记录检测时间
echo "check haproxy status" >> $LOG_FILE # 记录haproxy的状态
if [ $HAPS -eq 0 ];then #执行haproxy判断
echo $START_HAPROXY >> $LOG_FILE #记录启动命令
/usr/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg #启动haproxy
sleep 3
if [ `ps -C haproxy --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
echo "start haproxy failed, killall keepalived" >> $LOG_FILE
killall keepalived
service keepalived stop
fi
fi
Haproxy 状态检测脚本不执行问题,如果是使用的 service keepalived start
或者是 systemctl start keepalived
方式启动,脚本可能会不执行,可以使用 keepalived -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
方式启动 Keepalived 。
Keepalived 配置注意点 - 配置完成但是 IP 不生效
- 查看虚拟机 / 机器系统时间是否一致。
- virtual_router_id 路由 id 不对,不能冲突。可以通过 /var/log/messages 查看次错误
测试使用
在本地使用命令模式 win+R
键,进入MySQL目录,需要安装,或者下载phpstudy
可以看到,可以均衡的分配到各个服务器去。
现在开启 Keepalived 即可使用分配的 IP 访问:192.168.183.111 :
[root@localhost keepalived]# service keepalived start
Starting keepalived (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]
注:每个服务都需要开启。
在主服务上查看IP,ip addr / ip a
看到有配置到的IP即开启成功。
再通过 配置的IP访问mysql: