蓝桥杯兴趣小组（字典映射）

1. 问题描述：

为丰富同学们的业余文化生活，某高校学生会创办了3个兴趣小组(以下称A组，B组，C组)。 每个小组的学生名单分别在【A.txt】,【B.txt】和【C.txt】中。 每个文件中存储的是学生的学号。 由于工作需要，我们现在想知道： 既参加了A组，又参加了B组，但是没有参加C组的同学一共有多少人？

输入

无 
A.txt 

12894792, 92774113, 59529208, 22962224, 2991600, 83340521, 87365045,
40818286, 16400628, 39475245, 55933381, 76940287, 61366748, 95631228,
17102313, 50682833, 61562613, 87002524, 83062019, 51743442, 61977890,
32010762, 69680621, 87179571, 81761697, 32364296, 7833271, 36198035,
26588918, 84046668, 43059468, 73191775, 56794101, 454780, 11141030,
10008994, 35072237, 44945158, 53959980, 75758119, 18560273, 35801494,
42102550, 22496415, 3981786, 34593672, 13074905, 07733442, 42374678,
23452507, 98586743, 30771281, 17703080, 52123562, 5898131, 56698981,
90758589, 18238802, 18217979, 4511837, 75682969, 31135682, 55379006,
42224598, 98263070, 40228312, 28924663, 11580163, 25686441, 45944028,
96731602, 53675990, 3854194, 14858183, 16866794, 40677007, 73141512,
32317341, 56641725, 43123040, 15201174, 62389950, 72887083, 76860787,
61046319, 6923746, 17874548, 46028629, 10577743, 48747364, 5328780,
59855415, 60965266, 20592606, 14471207, 70896866, 46938647, 33575820,
53426294, 56093931, 51326542, 94050481, 80114017, 33010503, 72971538,
22407422, 17305672, 78974338, 93209260, 83461794, 41247821, 26118061,
10657376, 42198057, 15338224, 50284714, 32232841, 26716521, 76048344,
23676625, 62897700, 69296551, 59653393, 38704390, 48481614, 69782897,
26850668, 37471053, 88720989, 51010849, 94951571, 60024611, 29808329,
70377786, 13899299, 9683688, 58218284, 46792829, 97221709, 45286643,
48158629, 57367208, 26903401, 76900414, 87927040, 9926730, 1508757,
15101101, 62491840, 43802529

B.txt 

44894050, 34662733, 44141729, 92774113, 99208727, 91919833, 23727681,
10003409, 55933381, 54443275, 13584702, 96523685, 50682833, 61562613,
62380975, 20311684, 93200452, 23101945, 42192880, 28992561, 18460278,
19186537, 58465301, 01111066, 62680429, 23721241, 20277631, 91708977,
57514737, 3981786, 81541612, 07346443, 93154608, 19709455, 37446968,
17703080, 72378958, 66200696, 30610382, 89586343, 33152171, 67040930,
35696683, 63242065, 99948221, 96233367, 52593493, 98263070, 1418023,
74816705, 89375940, 58405334, 96731602, 84089545, 16866794, 94737626,
01673442, 70548494, 13638168, 8163691, 11106566, 64375392, 40267902,
897705, 56447313, 54532235, 94738425, 66642634, 83219544, 40546096,
66924991, 20592606, 96037590, 73434467, 70896866, 91025618, 57892091,
8487641, 32500082, 84412833, 23311447, 38380409, 79957822, 72971538,
69645784, 91863314, 73099909, 93209260, 83461794, 81378487, 30423273,
22233715, 32232841, 26716521, 03511221, 29196547, 58263562, 56233305,
52547525, 55812835, 87253244, 52484232, 80837360, 94098464, 52028151,
53267501, 66381929, 84381316, 59788467, 9683688, 67082008, 71605255,
80654064, 21434307, 45286643, 76556656, 82465821, 57367208, 79218980,
48460468, 59170479, 46046391, 43043164, 96544490, 83340521, 70837892,
18926791, 40818286, 28936302, 11489524, 51031183, 73860337, 13241219,
9025448, 10718828, 76360986, 26031606, 76558053, 97726139, 46473415,
48406387, 23625539, 86756012, 35164187, 49161302, 78082834, 35072237,
8602486, 29815841, 56562216, 77684187, 81751704, 20160464, 50407962,
27786415, 19893526, 934129, 37759498, 52636463, 25666982, 43262852,
38393436, 2581136, 29323250, 56950657, 5898131, 95286262, 75574581,
54057961, 6703896, 90758589, 57782642, 34492535, 41919697, 6395464,
10993500, 81212949, 34017532, 69569396, 99009936, 57129610, 67401593,
71044018, 62076698, 29533873, 71936325, 86874388, 26545032, 35695544,
30433724, 53127345, 72887083, 25390873, 63711546, 6923746, 27783723,
33199575, 35929698, 16491251, 18276792, 62744775, 92096155, 06336570,
56141974, 73007273, 31416832, 00171057, 64176982, 46938647, 58460388,
69972026, 73724304, 27435484, 51568616, 15531822, 47788699, 11818851,
41594694, 83561325, 43107163, 56965375, 10557343, 26118061, 74650126,
90076467, 10657376, 49901436, 03425162, 61164599, 15797769, 5427896,
14444084, 36795868, 18079449, 59653393, 72942548, 06763077, 33895610,
94892653, 12085268, 65174140, 79567366, 23020126, 74290047, 13498869,
21696323, 27724594, 54941003, 38229841, 7050068

C.txt 

13404901, 39952424, 47847739, 94939581, 13809950, 70966043, 11161555,
17102313, 47079425, 50682833, 74154313, 61562613, 93200452, 37103342,
18479435, 32502597, 36198035, 54210010, 73191775, 48358178, 85544503,
5996766, 54651623, 52113220, 27465181, 23871783, 22496415, 54107041,
65899605, 56528700, 82671109, 61176034, 42374678, 51612628, 63329997,
56591652, 04552733, 12789324, 89586343, 51935014, 38611966, 43916409,
70996050, 98263070, 1418023, 65345049, 21734275, 76846198, 71506230,
833171, 67128139, 41367555, 64769510, 44010700, 16475199, 93164325,
9386162, 95324041, 80688223, 67629139, 79552617, 76219736, 50368644,
45096021, 54972488, 63779011, 28862942, 73145521, 74078605, 66924991,
12806850, 02171001, 70896866, 73434467, 8487641, 44415025, 32500082,
84412833, 83896188, 52243759, 49191410, 38744339, 48079796, 44937032,
06267501, 81866886, 38575984, 25978688, 78974338, 41247821, 12356966,
64842303, 79127158, 2366944, 68000570, 12426275, 96409230, 705972,
8266503, 83820884, 8831807, 43273308, 23216105, 29196547, 95160161,
05553537, 52182214, 32641346, 91553427, 24436506, 77433749, 1979664,
52028151, 88985343, 1761499, 76203088, 63237368, 23405334, 59788467,
9683688, 67755443, 29946533, 12053603, 437479, 15200030, 45286643,
93537527, 82465821, 57367208, 53899751, 15354933, 97760830, 68933762,
80220545, 1892750, 39868288, 21524323, 69716610, 65083815, 78048499,
3227391, 83340521, 87365045, 71720254, 51031183, 89168555, 8503028,
37086236, 25103057, 87002524, 22808816, 80928090, 90741678, 15993372,
99117082, 49938176, 21755083, 86903426, 87830263, 53959980, 75758119,
59781354, 58679691, 25666982, 56307643, 47180521, 62776522, 78136608,
44882734, 90758589, 8075999, 66303819, 23480347, 11580163, 87080118,
18329165, 92514163, 89404632, 92377859, 3912329, 17499963, 59699979,
79876366, 63894807, 37857001, 86003935, 90087123, 29433345, 80298948,
61531153, 61046319, 37839841, 19421134, 48747364, 35196916, 62484573,
59907079, 36845702, 21631642, 72739317, 26283700, 80114017, 76639390,
29154110, 35159758, 47788699, 11818851, 56520669, 36396767, 36031167,
83817428, 10657376, 90076467, 14676452, 11024560, 16327605, 76048344,
14444084, 95452011, 99612346, 65172562, 84813675, 88618282, 38704390,
27998014, 63859011, 33787505, 60024611, 16229880, 13899299, 35240335,
29173227, 45036451, 66177893, 82658333, 43100730, 44520187, 74290047,
85013538, 9926730, 27724594, 95148523, 20503000, 64390907, 26006953,
98116293, 97457666, 29017396, 04634371, 70791589

输出

输出一个整数表示答案 

 来源：http://oj.ecustacm.cn/problem.php?id=1331

2. 思路分析：

首先需要读取文件，因为使用的是python语言所以可以使用readlines()方法读取整个文件，这个方法返回的是包含文件中每一行字符串内容的列表类型。首先读取A.txt文件，使用readlines方法读取文件返回包含文件中每一行字符串内容的列表，我们可以遍历这个列表的每一行通过strip方法去除掉开始与结尾的","，通过", "分割字符串之后得到包含每个学生学号的列表，将编号存储到字典dic中，然后使用同样的方法读取B.txt文件，可以得到B.txt文件中每个学生的学号，判断当前遍历的学号是否出现在字典dic中如果是说明这个学号是在AB文件中同时出现的，所以需要将当前的学号记录在另外一个字典rec中，使用同样的方法读取第三个文件，遍历C.txt中每个学生的学号，如果当前遍历的学号出现在字典rec中说明当前这个学号是同时出现在ABC三个文件的，所以需要使用同时出现AB文件中学号的数量len(rec)减去同时出现在ABC三个文件中学号的数量那么得到的就是同时出现在AB文件中但是没有出现在C文件中的数目。主要是python读取文件、遍历文件和字典记录的操作。最终的结果是20

3. 代码如下：

import collections
if __name__ == '__main__':
    A = open("A.txt", "r+")
    B = open("B.txt", "r+")
    C = open("C.txt", "r+")
    # 使用readlines方法读取整个文件
    txt1 = A.readlines()
    txt2 = B.readlines()
    txt3 = C.readlines()
    dic = collections.defaultdict(int)
    for cur in txt1:
        # strip方法去除字符串开始与结尾的某些字符
        t = cur.strip("\n").strip(",").split(", ")
        for num in t:
            dic[num] += 1
    # rec存储的是在AB文件中同时出现的
    rec = collections.defaultdict(int)
    # 通过验证B中的文件中的编号是否出现在字典dic中
    for cur in txt2:
        t = cur.strip("\n").strip(",").split(", ")
        for num in t:
            if num in dic:
                rec[num] += 1
    count = len(rec)
    for cur in txt3:
        t = cur.strip("\n").strip(",").split(", ")
        for num in t:
            # 去除掉同时参加ABC的剩下的就是同时参加AB但是没有参加C的
            if num in rec:
                count -= 1
    print(count)