RabbitMQ - 4种Exchange类型

在rabbitmq中，exchange有4个类型：direct，topic，fanout，header。

direct exchange

此类型的exchange路由规则很简单：

exchange在和queue进行binding时会设置routingkey

channel.QueueBind(queue: "create_pdf_queue",
                    exchange: "pdf_events",
                    routingKey: "pdf_create",
                    arguments: null);

然后我们在将消息发送到exchange时会设置对应的routingkey：

channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "pdf_events",
                        routingKey: "pdf_create",
                        basicProperties: properties,
                        body: body);

在direct类型的exchange中，只有这两个routingkey完全相同，exchange才会选择对应的binging进行消息路由。

topic exchange

此类型exchange和上面的direct类型差不多，但direct类型要求routingkey完全相等，这里的routingkey可以有通配符：’*’,’#’.

其中’*'表示匹配一个单词， '#'则表示匹配没有或者多个单词

fanout exchange

此exchange的路由规则很简单直接将消息路由到所有绑定的队列中，无须对消息的routingkey进行匹配操作。
就是发广播，发给所有绑定的队列！

header exchange

此类型的exchange和以上三个都不一样，其路由的规则是根据header来判断，其中的header就是以下方法的arguments参数：

具体的规则可以看以下代码：

var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
    // Headers类型的exchange, 名称 agreements
    channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "agreements",
                            type: ExchangeType.Headers,
                            durable: true,
                            autoDelete: false,
                            arguments: null);

    // 创建queue.A队列
    channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "queue.A", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);

    //创建 queue.B 队列
    channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "queue.B", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);

    //创建 queue.C 队列
    channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "queue.C", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);

    //绑定 agreements --> queue.A 使用arguments (format=pdf, type=report, x-match=all)
    Dictionary<string, object> aHeader = new Dictionary<string, object>();
    aHeader.Add("format", "pdf");
    aHeader.Add("type", "report");
    aHeader.Add("x-match", "all");
    channel.QueueBind(queue: "queue.A",
                        exchange: "agreements",
                        routingKey: string.Empty,
                        arguments: aHeader);

    //绑定 agreements --> queue.B 使用arguments (format=pdf, type=log, x-match=any)
    Dictionary<string, object> bHeader = new Dictionary<string, object>();
    bHeader.Add("format", "pdf");
    bHeader.Add("type", "log");
    bHeader.Add("x-match", "any");
    channel.QueueBind(queue: "queue.B",
                        exchange: "agreements",
                        routingKey: string.Empty,
                        arguments: bHeader);

    //绑定 agreements --> queue.C 使用arguments (format=zip, type=report, x-match=all)
    Dictionary<string, object> cHeader = new Dictionary<string, object>();
    cHeader.Add("format", "zip");
    cHeader.Add("type", "report");
    cHeader.Add("x-match", "all");
    channel.QueueBind(queue: "queue.C",
                        exchange: "agreements",
                        routingKey: string.Empty,
                        arguments: cHeader);


    string message1 = "hello world";
    var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message1);
    var properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
    properties.Persistent = true;
    Dictionary<string, object> mHeader1 = new Dictionary<string, object>();
    mHeader1.Add("format", "pdf");
    mHeader1.Add("type", "report");
    properties.Headers = mHeader1;
    //此消息路由到 queue.A 和 queue.B
    //queue.A 的binding (format=pdf, type=report, x-match=all)
    //queue.B 的binding (format = pdf, type = log, x - match = any)
    channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "agreements",
                            routingKey: string.Empty,
                            basicProperties: properties,
                            body: body);


    string message2 = "hello world";
    body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message2);
    properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
    properties.Persistent = true;
    Dictionary<string, object> mHeader2 = new Dictionary<string, object>();
    mHeader2.Add("type", "log");
    properties.Headers = mHeader2;
    //x-match 配置queue.B 
    //queue.B 的binding (format = pdf, type = log, x-match = any)
    channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "agreements",
                    routingKey: string.Empty,
                    basicProperties: properties,
                    body: body);

    string message3= "hello world";
    body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message3);
    properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
    properties.Persistent = true;
    Dictionary<string, object> mHeader3 = new Dictionary<string, object>();
    mHeader3.Add("format", "zip");
    properties.Headers = mHeader3;
    //配置失败，不会被路由
    channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "agreements",
                    routingKey: string.Empty,
                    basicProperties: properties,
                    body: body);


}

总计

一般来说direct和topic用来具体的路由消息，如果要用广播的消息一般用fanout的exchange。

header类型用的比较少，但还是知道一点好。
原文https://www.cnblogs.com/julyluo/p/6265775.html