新编计算机英语复习（东华理工专业外语）

Unit 1 About Computer

1. Digital video disc 数字录像光盘
2. Desktop 台式机
3. word-processing program 文字处理程序
4. personal computer 个人计算机
5. Memory chip 存储芯片
6. Center processing unit 中央处理器
7. Coded message 密码电报
8. Computer program 计算机程序
9. Cell phone 移动电话
10. Computer hardware 计算机硬件
11. Integrated circute 集成电路
12. Computer software 计算机软件
13. laptop computer 膝上计算机
14. Digital computer 数字计算机
15. Hard disk driver 硬盘驱动
16. Computer chip 计算机芯片
17. Videocassette recorder 盒式磁带录像机
18. Operating system 操作系统
19. Programming language 编程语言
20. Disk operating system 磁盘操作系统

1.How do people user computer?
Answer:
People user computers in many ways.Banks user computers to send money all over the word.Teachers keep track of lessons and grades and so on.
人们以多种方式使用计算机，银行用计算机将钱发放到各地,教师记录课程和成绩等。

2.What is software?
Answer:
Computer programs and associated documentation.
计算机程序和相关文档。

3.What are the type of software?
Give example for each.
Answer:
software have two types:
Applications and Operation System
Applications:QQ ,wechat,photoshop
Operation system:windows,unix,mac

4.What id hardware?Give example
Answer:
physical compoments of computer
Example:keybord,mouse,printer

5.What are the interal components of computer?
Answer:
CPU,hard disc,memory,ALU,input and output
CPU，硬盘，内存，ALU，输入和输出

6.How computer work?
Answer:

7.Exceplain about processor cycle.
Answer:
Fetch(obtain a program memory)获取(获取程序内存)

Decode(translate into commands)解码(翻译成命令)

Execute(carry out command)执行(执行命令)

Store(write result to memory)执行(执行命令)

8.What is bus?
Answer:
The bus enables the components in a computer,such as the CPU and the memory circuits,to communicate as program instructions are being carried out.
总线使计算机中的部件(如cpu和存储器电路)能够在执行程序指令时进行通信。

9.What are the classifications of memory?Give example 内存的分类是什么？
Answer:
Main Memory：RAM,ROM
Secondary memory:HDD,CD,DVD

10.List out the differences between RAM &ROM.
Answer:
RAM：临时内存可以读写数据。
RAM: temporary memory can read or write data
ROM：永久内存只读取数据
ROM:permanent memory only read data

11.What are the parts of CPU?
Answer:ALU,memory,control unit

Unit2
1.What is OS?
Answer:
An operation system,in computer science,is the basic software that controls a computer.
在计算机科学中，操作系统是控制计算机的基本软件。

2.What are the major function of OS?
Answer:
OS has three major function:
(1)it coordinates and manipulates computer hardware它协调和操作计算机硬件。
(2)it organizes files on a variety of storage media.它在各种存储介质上组织文件。
(3)it manages hardware errors and the loss data它管理硬件错误和丢失的数据。

3.Explain the categoriesof OS.
Answer:
单用户操作系统。
A single-user operating system.
多用户操作系统
A multiuser operating system
A network operating system
A multitasking operating system
A desktop operating system

4.Explain the function of OS.
Answer:
进程管理
process management
资源管理
Resource management
文件管理
File management
通信管理
Communication management
安全管理
Security management
内存管理
Memory management

5.What are the strength of Windows OS?
Answer:
(1)The familar GUI so user more comfortable in front of a screen.熟悉的GUI使用户在屏幕前更加舒适。
(2)Device support from a better driver.更好的驱动程序的设备支持。
(3)Many office applications that are compatible with the look of windows.许多与窗口外观兼容的办公应用程序。
(4)Available software.
(5)Games.

6.What are the weaknesses of Windows OS?
Answer:
(1)The operation system is paid. 操作系统是付费的。
(2)Installation is more difficult than the Linux operation system.安装比Linux操作系统更困难。
(3)Unlnerable to virus attacks.不受病毒攻击。
(4)poor security安全性差
(5)Poor stability.稳定性差。

7.Explain the history of Windows OS.
8.What is the function of kernel?内核的功能是什么？
Answer:
The kernel provides the most essential operating system services,such as memory managernt and file access.内核提供了最基本的操作系统服务，如内存管理器和文件访问。
9.What are the future technologies of OS?
Answer:
Using voice/handwriting inout 使用语音/手写输入

Unit 3
1.define Program. 定义程序。
Answer:
Set of instructions指令系统
2.What is programming Language? 什么是编程语言？
Answer:
A human for language and computer communication,is also userd to only computer operation or work instruction set.一个人为语言和计算机交流，也是用户只使用计算机操作或工作指令集。
3.Explain the computer language types 解释计算机语言类型
Answer:
Low-level language:Machine language;Asscembly language汇编语言
4.What are the different between High level &Low level language 4.高级语言与低级语言有什么不同？
Answer:

High-level Low-level
(1)All used to solve problems
(2)Easily understood by humans
(3)Uses English like words
(4)Easy to locate and identify errors
(5)Must be translates before the computer can understand it
①　人类很容易理解
②　像单词一样使用英语
③　容易定位和识别错误
④　必须在计算机能够理解之前进行翻译。 (1)Understand by computers without the need for translation
(2)不需要翻译计算机也能够理解
(3)Difficult for humans to read and understand
(4)人类难以阅读和理解
(5)Take up a lot of space to write down.占用大量空间写下来
(6)It’s difficult to spot errors in code.很难识别代码中的错误。

5.Explain the characteristics of Java.解释Java的特性。
Answer:
Simple ,object-oriented, distributed, interpreted, robust, secure, architecture-neutral ,portable mltithreaded, dynamic
Java is simple:
(1)Java is easy to write and more readable
(2)Java is partially modeled on c++,but greatly simplified and improved
部分建模在c+上，但大大简化和改进了Java
(4)It Eliminates pointer and replace multiple with interface它消除了指针，用接口替换了多个继承。

Unit4
1.What is SDLC?
Answer:
SDLC refers to the whole life cycle ,from software to produce until the scrap including feasibility analysis and project planning,requirement analysis,general design and detailed design,coding,debugging,maintenance of seven stages.
SDLC是指从软件到生产的整个生命周期，包括可行性分析和项目规划、需求分析、总体设计和详细设计、编码、调试、维护七个阶段。
2.Write short notes on Generic &constom software.写一些关于通用软件的简短笔记。
Answer:
Generic software design for a genericuser泛型用户通用软件设计
Example:QQ,wechat.ect
Costom software design for a specific user.针对特定用户的自定义软件设计。
Example:ATM,accounting software.etc 例如：自动取款机、会计软件等
3.What is structure chart?结构图是什么？
Answer:
The structure chart shows how to break your package into logical steps;each step is a separate module,it also shows the interaction between all the parts(modules)
结构图显示了如何将包分解为逻辑步骤；每个步骤都是一个单独的模块，它还显示了所 有部分(模块)之间的交互。
4.Define flowchart.定义流程图。
Answer:
Flowchat users standard graphical symbols to represent the logical flow of data through a module .
Flowchat用户标准图形符号，用于表示通过模块的数据的逻辑流。
5.What is pseudocode?Give example.什么是伪码？举个例子。
Answer:
Pseudocode is part English and part program logic that describes, in precise algorithmic detail,what the program is to do.
伪码一部分是英文，一部分是程序逻辑，用精确的算法详细描述程序要做的事情。
6.What is black box testing?
Answer:
Black box testing is pass the test to detect whether every function can be normal user,is one of the main methods of software testing ,can also be known as functional testing ,data-driven testing or test based on the specification.
黑匣子测试是通过测试来检测每个功能是否可以正常使用，是软件测试的主要方法之一，也可以称为功能测试、数据驱动测试或根据规范进行测试。
7.What is white box testing?
Answer:
White box testing is also called structure testing，transparent box,logical driver drier testing or test based on the code.White box testing is a method of test case design box refers to the tested software,white box referes to the box is visible,you know thw inside of the box and how it works.white box method,a comprehensive understanding of the internal logic structure,testing all logical path.”white box” method is exhaustive path tests.
白盒测试又称结构测试、透明盒测试、逻辑驱动干涉仪测试或基于代码的测试。白盒测 试是一种测试用例设计的方法,指的是测试软件，。白色盒子指的是盒子是可见的，你知 道盒子里面的东西和它是如何工作的。白盒方法，全面了解内部逻辑结构，测试所有的 逻辑路径。“白盒”方法是穷举路径测试。
8.Explain SDLC with neat picture.
Answer:
Requirement analysis] 需求分析

design

SDLC
Evolution/maintenance演变/维护

Testing测试

Implementation/coding实现/编码

Unit 5
1.What is computer NetWork?
Answer:
It’s a collection of computers ahd devices connected together with communication devices&transmission media.它是计算机和设备的集合，与通信设备和传输媒体连接在一起。
2.Explain different kinds of network based on topology network size manage.说明基于拓扑网络规模管理的不同类型的网络
Answer:
Network topology is the physical arrangement of computers in a network,common network topologies include the bus,ring and star.
网络拓扑是计算机在网络中的物理布局，常见的网络拓扑包括总线、环形和星形。
3.Different between router &bridge路由器与桥梁的区别
Answer:

Routers and bridges are specialized devices that allow two or more LANS to be connected.The bridge is the more basic device and can only connect LANs of the same type .The router is a more intelligent component that can interconnect many different types of computer network.
路由器和网桥是允许连接两个或多个LAN的专用设备，桥是最基本的设备，只能连接相同类型的局域网，路由器更智能能连接多种不同类型计算机网络的组件。
4.Define Backbone?
Answer:
The Internet backbone consist of high-speed fiber optic links connecting high-copacign routers that direct network trafffic.
互联网主干网由高速光纤链路组成，连接直接网络流量的高性能路由器.
5.What is ISP?Give example
Answer:
An Internet Server Provider is a company that provides access to the Internet.
因特网服务器提供商是提供对因特网的访问的公司。
Comcast 康卡斯特公司，美国最大的有线电视传输和宽带通信公司。;CHINANET 中国电信,CNCNET网通,UNINET联通
6.What is protocol?
Answer:
A protoacal is the special set of rules that end points in a telecommunication(电信) connection use when they communicate.Protocols specify interactions between the communicating entites.
协议是通信(电信)连接中的端点在通信时使用的一组特殊规则。协议指定通信实体之间 的交互。
7.List any five internet.
Answer:
protocol Name Function
TCP Transfer Control Protocol 传输控制协议 Create connections and exchanges packets of data创建连接和交换数据包
IP Internet Protocol 互联网协议 Provide devices with unique addresses提供具有唯一地址的设备
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议 Exchanges information over the Web提供具有唯一地址的设备
FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件传送[输]协议 Transfers files between local and remote host computers在本地和远程主机之间传输文件

8.What is IP address?Explain
Answer:
IP addresses originated on the Internet as part of the TCP/IP protocol.IP address are userd to uniquely identify computers on the Internet as well as on LANs.In the context of the Internet;these address are sometimes referred to as TCP/IP address or Internet address.
IP地址起源于因特网，作为TCP/IP协议的一部分。IP地址用于唯一标识Internet上和局域网上的计算机。这些地址有时被称为TCP/IP地址或Internet地址。
9.What is URL?give example
Answer:
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)The representation used to specify the location of information
10.What is Demain Name Systems?
Answer:
A domain name is a key component of web address,e-mail address,and address on the web calles URL.Every domain name correspond to a unique IP address that has been ented into a huge database called the Domain Name System(DNS).
域名是Web地址、电子邮件地址和Web呼叫URL上的地址的关键组成部分。每个域名 对应一个唯一的IP地址，该地址已被放入一个称为域名系统(DomainName System，DNS) 的大型数据库中。

11.How many kind of Networks?
Answer:Depending on one’s perspective,we can classify network in different ways:
1.Based on transmission media:
Wired
Wireless
Based on network size:
LAN(Local Area Network ) ,MAN(Metropolitan Area Network) and WAN(WideAreaNetwork)
局域网，城域网 ，广域网
2.Based on management method：
Peer-to-peer and Client/Server
3.Based on topology(connecting)
Bus ,Star,Ring…