如果指针指向基类,但是指针在运行时指向派生类,则该基类必须具有虚拟析构函数,以便破坏派生类。如果没有虚拟析构函数,则只会运行基类的析构函数。
比如:
Base* basePtr;
basePtr = new Derived(1);
如果没有添加virtual,也就是没有虚拟析构函数,看下面代码示例:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
Base()
{
cout << "Base contruction" << endl;
}
~Base()
{
cout << "Base deconstruction" << endl;
}
};
class Derived : public Base
{
public:
Derived()
{
cout << "Derived contruction " << endl;
}
~Derived()
{
cout << "Derived deconstruction" << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Base* basePtr;
Derived* derevedPtr;
basePtr = new Derived;
delete basePtr;
}
则只会调用基类的析构函数
结果:
Base contruction
Derived contruction
Base deconstruction
在添加virtual之后,就会先用派生类的析构函数,再调用基类的析构函数
这样添加:
virtual ~Base()
结果:
Base contruction
Derived contruction
Derived deconstruction
Base deconstruction
最后再提一下,如果指针是派生类声明的,并且是指向派生类的,那么调用顺序是基类构造->派生类构造->派生类析构->基类析构
如果指针是基类声明,并且指向基类的,那么调用顺序是基类构造->基类析构
一些有用的blog: Understanding warning C4265: class has virtual functions