JAVA中——向上造型的好处（代码演示）

1.首先创建一个Person类，作为超类存在

public class Person {
    String name;
    int age;
    String address;

    void sayHi(){
        System.out.println("我是"+name+"今年"+age+"岁了，家住"+address);
    }

    Person(String name,int age,String address){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }
}

2.创建Teacher类，Doctor类，Student类，三个类都继承Person类

public class Teacher extends Person{
    double salary; //工资

    Teacher(String name,int age,String address,double salary){
        super(name,age,address);
        this.salary = salary;

    }
}

public class Doctor extends Person{
    String level; //职称

    Doctor(String name,int age,String address,String level){
        super(name,age,address);
        this.level = level;
    }
}

public class Student extends Person{
    String stuId; //学号

    Student(String name,int age,String address,String stuId){
        super(name,age,address);
        this.stuId = stuId;
    }
}

3.创建测试类Test，将使用向上造型的方法，超类引用指向派生类对象，减少代码的重复

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person[] ps = new Person[5];
        ps[0] = new Student("zhangsan",25,"lf","1111");
        ps[1] = new Student("lisi",26,"jms","2222");
        ps[2] = new Teacher("wangwu",27,"handan",1000.0);
        ps[3] = new Teacher("zhaoliu",28,"shanghaoo",888.2);
        ps[4] = new Doctor("sunqi",27,"jms","主治医师");

        for(int i=0;i<ps.length;i++){ //遍历数组
            ps[i].sayHi();
            System.out.println(ps[i].name);
        }

    }
}

如果不进行向上造型，会造成代码的重复，具体写法如下：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        Student[] stu = new Student[2];
        stu[0] = new Student("zhangsan",25,"lf","1111");
        stu[1] = new Student("lisi",26,"jms","2222");
        for(int i=0;i<stu.length;i++) { //遍历数组
            stu[i].sayHi();
            System.out.println(stu[i].name);
        }

        Teacher[] tea = new Teacher[2];
        tea[0] = new Teacher("wangwu",27,"handan",1000.0);
        tea[1] = new Teacher("zhaoliu",28,"shanghaoo",888.2);
        for(int i=0;i<stu.length;i++) { //遍历数组
            tea[i].sayHi();
            System.out.println(tea[i].name);
        }

        Doctor doc = new Doctor("sunqi",27,"jms","主治医师");
        doc.sayHi();
        System.out.println(doc.name);
    }
}