一、使用STM32CubeMX配置QSPI接口
1、这里我们以四线QSPI为例
2、Parameter Settings
（1）Clock Prescaler：预分频系数n-1，Clock输入为100MHz，W25Q256最大支持104MHz，所以这里配为0，0+1=1分频；
（2）Fifo Threshold：因为采用的是四线QSPI，每个IO传输1Byte，一次可以传输4Byte；
（3）Sample Shifting：这里两种都可以设置，只有在DDR模式下必须设置为QSPI_SAMPLE_SHIFTING_NONE
（4）Flash Size：W25Q256总大小为256M-Bit = 32 M-Byte = 2 ^ 25 Byte，所以Flash Size取值24（25-1）；
（5）Chip Select High Time：该项表示在两次Commands之间CS必须保持高电平为多少个Clock，根据W25Q256 DataSheet可知tCSH >= 50ns，这里我们QSPI的时钟是100MHz，1Clock = 10ns，所以这里为5；
（6）Clock Mode：Low（QSPI_CLOCK_MODE_0）或者 High（QSPI_CLOCK_MODE_3）都是可以的，在DataSheet中随便找一个时序图就可以发现它同时支持Mode0和Mode3。
3、GPIO Setting
（1）pin脚按照自己使用的板子的原理图连接进行配置；
（2）这里需要特别注意的是GPIO的速度等级默认是Low，这样是无法达到我们预设的100MHz的，这里我们将其全部配置为Very High。
二、主要的指令以及初始化步骤
1、写使能 0x06
对Flash或者寄存器进行写操作是必须先使能
2、状态寄存器2的QE位置1 0x31
QE置位后，/WP与/HOLD作为IO2和IO3使用
3、进入QPI模式 0x38
进入后，指令、地址、数据都需要使用4线模式
4、进入4字节模式 0xB7
默认3字节，寻址范围2^23 = 16M，W25Q256有32M，所以需要4字节才能访问到全部Flash
5、设置读参数指令 0xC0
三、对HAL库的QSPI发送指令、发送数据和接收数据进行二次封装
/* 配置QSPI发送命令
* instruction 命令
* address 目的地址
* dummy_cycle 空指令周期
* instruction_mode 指令模式：QSPI_INSTRUCTION_NONE、QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE、QSPI_INSTRUCTION_2_LINES、QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES
* address_mode 地址模式：QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE、QSPI_ADDRESS_1_LINE、QSPI_ADDRESS_2_LINE、QSPI_ADDRESS_4_LINE
* address_size 地址长度：QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS、QSPI_ADDRESS_16_BITS、QSPI_ADDRESS_24_BITS、QSPI_ADDRESS_32_BITS
* data_mode 数据模式：QSPI_DATA_NONE、QSPI_DATA_1_LINE、QSPI_DATA_2_LINE、QSPI_DATA_4_LINE
*/
void qspi_send_cmd(uint32_t instruction, uint32_t address, uint32_t dummy_cycle, uint32_t instruction_mode, uint32_t address_mode, uint32_t address_size, uint32_t data_mode) {
QSPI_CommandTypeDef cmd_handler;
cmd_handler.Instruction = instruction;
cmd_handler.Address = address;
cmd_handler.DummyCycles = dummy_cycle;
cmd_handler.InstructionMode = instruction_mode;
cmd_handler.AddressMode = address_mode;
cmd_handler.AddressSize = address_size;
cmd_handler.DataMode = data_mode;
cmd_handler.SIOOMode = QSPI_SIOO_INST_EVERY_CMD; // 每次都发送指令
cmd_handler.AlternateByteMode = QSPI_ALTERNATE_BYTES_NONE; // 无交替字节
cmd_handler.DdrMode = QSPI_DDR_MODE_DISABLE; // 关闭DDR模式
cmd_handler.DdrHoldHalfCycle = QSPI_DDR_HHC_ANALOG_DELAY;
HAL_QSPI_Command(&hqspi, &cmd_handler, 0x10);
}
uint8_t qspi_receive(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t data_len) {
hqspi.Instance -> DLR = data_len - 1;
if(HAL_QSPI_Receive(&hqspi, buf, 0x10) == HAL_OK) {
return 0;
}
else {
return 1;
}
}
uint8_t qspi_transmit(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t data_len) {
hqspi.Instance -> DLR = data_len - 1;
if(HAL_QSPI_Transmit(&hqspi, buf, 0x10) == HAL_OK) {
return 0;
}
else {
return 1;
}
}
四、W25Q256操作函数库
这里包含对W25Q256的初始化、写入、读取和擦除等函数，注释详细，直接贴出来了，分为.c和.h两个文件：
w25qxx.c
#include "quadspi.h"
#include "w25qxx.h"
// 4K bytes为一个Sector, 16个Sector为1个Block
uint16_t W25Q_TYPE = W25Q256;
uint8_t W25Q_QPI_MODE = 0; // QSPI模式标志：0 SPI模式；1 QPI模式
void w25q_qspi_enable(void);
uint8_t w25q_read_status_reg(uint8_t command);
void w25q_write_status_reg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t data);
void w25q_write_enable(void);
void w25q_write_disable(void);
void w25q_wait_busy(void);
uint16_t w25q_read_id(void);
void w25q_write_flash_page(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length);
void w25q_erase_chip(void);
void w25q_erase_sector(uint32_t address);
void w25q_init(void) {
w25q_qspi_enable();
W25Q_TYPE = w25q_read_id();
if(W25Q_TYPE == W25Q256) {
uint8_t status_reg3 = w25q_read_status_reg(3);
if(status_reg3 & 0x01 == 0x00) { // 不是4字节地址模式，需进入
w25q_write_enable();
qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_Enable4ByteAddr, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);
}
w25q_write_enable();
qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_SetReadParam, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_4_LINES);
uint8_t temp = 0x30;
qspi_transmit(&temp, 1);
}
}
void w25q_qspi_enable(void) { // 使能QSPI模式
uint8_t status_reg2 = w25q_read_status_reg(2);
if((status_reg2 & 0x02) == 0x00) {
w25q_write_enable();
status_reg2 |= 0x02;
w25q_write_status_reg(2, status_reg2);
}
qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_EnterQPIMode, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);
W25Q_QPI_MODE = 1;
}
/* 状态寄存器说明
* 状态寄存器1（默认0x00）：
* 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
* SPR RV TB BP2 BP1 BP0 WEL BUSY
* SPR 默认0，状态寄存器保护位，配合WP使用
* TB、BP2、BP1、BP0 FLASH区域写保护设置
* WEL 写使能锁定
* BUSY 忙标记位（1忙，0空闲）
* 状态寄存器2：
* 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
* SUS CMP LB3 LB2 LB1 (R) QE SPR1
* 状态寄存器3：
* 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
* HOLD/RST BRV1 DRV0 (R) (R) WPS ADP ADS
*/
uint8_t w25q_read_status_reg(uint8_t reg) { // 读状态寄存器
uint8_t byte, command;
switch(reg) {
case 1:
command = W25Q_ReadStatusReg1;
break;
case 2:
command = W25Q_ReadStatusReg2;
break;
case 3:
command = W25Q_ReadStatusReg3;
break;
default:
command = W25Q_ReadStatusReg1;
break;
}
if(W25Q_QPI_MODE) qspi_send_cmd(command, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_4_LINES);
else qspi_send_cmd(command, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_1_LINE);
qspi_receive(&byte, 1);
return byte;
}
void w25q_write_status_reg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t data) { // 写状态寄存器
uint8_t command;
switch(reg) {
case 1:
command = W25Q_WriteStatusReg1;
break;
case 2:
command = W25Q_WriteStatusReg2;
break;
case 3:
command = W25Q_WriteStatusReg3;
break;
default:
command = W25Q_WriteStatusReg1;
break;
}
if(W25Q_QPI_MODE) qspi_send_cmd(command, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_4_LINES);
else qspi_send_cmd(command, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_1_LINE);
qspi_transmit(&data, 1);
}
void w25q_write_enable(void) { // W25Q写使能：将S1寄存器的WEL置位
if(W25Q_QPI_MODE) qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_WriteEnable, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);
else qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_WriteEnable, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);
}
void w25q_write_disable(void) { // W25Q写禁止：将S1寄存器的WEL清零
if(W25Q_QPI_MODE) qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_WriteDisable, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);
else qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_WriteDisable, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);
}
void w25q_wait_busy(void) { // 等待空闲
while((w25q_read_status_reg(1) & 0x01) == 0x01);
}
uint16_t w25q_read_id(void) {
uint8_t temp[2];
if(W25Q_QPI_MODE) qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_ManufactDeviceID, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_24_BITS, QSPI_DATA_4_LINES);
else qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_ManufactDeviceID, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_24_BITS, QSPI_DATA_1_LINE);
qspi_receive(temp, 2);
return (temp[0] << 8) | temp[1];
}
/* 读取FLASH，仅支持QPI模式
* buf 数据存储区
* address 开始读取的地址，最大32bit
* length 读取的字节长度，最大65535
*/
void w25q_read_flash(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length) {
qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_FastReadData, address, 8, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_32_BITS, QSPI_DATA_4_LINES);
qspi_receive(buf, length);
}
/* 在一页（0~65535）内写入少于256个字节的数据，在指定地址开始写入最大256个字节的数据
* buf 数据存储区
* address 开始读取的地址，最大32bit
* length 读取的字节长度，最大256，不应该超过该页剩余的字节数
*/
void w25q_write_flash_page(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length) {
w25q_write_enable();
qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_PageProgram, address, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_32_BITS, QSPI_DATA_4_LINES);
qspi_transmit(buf, length);
w25q_wait_busy();
}
/* 在指定地址开始写入指定长度的数据，但要确保地址不越界
* 无检验写FLASH，必须确保所写地址范围内的数据全部为0xFF，否则在0xFF处写入的数据将失败，具有自动换页功能
*/
void w25q_write_flash_no_check(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length) {
uint16_t pageremain = 256 - address % 256; // 单页剩余字节数
if(length <= pageremain) { // 不大于256个字节
pageremain = length;
}
while(1) {
w25q_write_flash_page(buf, address, length);
if(length == pageremain) {
break;
}
else {
buf += pageremain;
address += pageremain;
length -= pageremain; // 减去已经写入了的字节数
if(length > 256) { // 一次可以写入256个字节
pageremain = 256;
}
else { // 不够256个字节
pageremain = length;
}
}
}
}
/* 在指定地址开始写入指定长度的数据，但要确保地址不越界
* 该函数带有自动擦除功能
*/
uint8_t W25Q_BUFFER[4096];
void w25q_write_flash(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length) {
uint32_t secpos;
uint16_t secoff, secremain, i;
uint8_t *w25q_buf;
w25q_buf = W25Q_BUFFER;
secpos = address / 4096; // 扇区地址
secoff = address % 4096; // 在扇区内的偏移
secremain = 4096 - secoff; // 扇区剩余空间大小
if(length <= secremain) { // 不大于4096个字节
secremain = length;
}
while(1) {
w25q_read_flash(w25q_buf, secpos * 4096, 4096); // 读出整个扇区的数据
for(i = 0; i < secremain; i++) { // 校验数据
if(w25q_buf[secoff + i] != 0xFF) break;
}
if(i < secremain) { // 需要擦除
w25q_erase_sector(secpos); // 擦除这个扇区
for(i = 0; i < secremain; i++) {
w25q_buf[i + secoff] = buf[i];
}
w25q_write_flash_no_check(w25q_buf, secpos * 4096, 4096); // 写入整个扇区
}
else {
w25q_write_flash_no_check(buf, address, secremain);
}
if(length == secremain) { // 写入完成
break;
}
else {
secpos++;
secoff = 0;
buf += secremain; // 指针偏移
address += secremain; // 写地址偏移
length -= secremain;
if(length > 4096) secremain = 4096;
else secremain = length;
}
}
}
void w25q_erase_chip(void) { // 擦除整个芯片，等待时间超长
w25q_write_enable();
w25q_wait_busy();
qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_ChipErase, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);
w25q_wait_busy();
}
void w25q_erase_sector(uint32_t address) { // 擦除一个扇区，至少150ms
address *= 4096;
w25q_write_enable();
w25q_wait_busy();
qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_SectorErase, address, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_32_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);
w25q_wait_busy();
}
w25qxx.h
#ifndef __W25QXX_H
#define __W25QXX_H
#define W25Q80 0XEF13
#define W25Q16 0XEF14
#define W25Q32 0XEF15
#define W25Q64 0XEF16
#define W25Q128 0XEF17
#define W25Q256 0XEF18
extern uint16_t W25Q_TYPE;
// 指令表
#define W25Q_WriteEnable 0x06
#define W25Q_WriteDisable 0x04
#define W25Q_ReadStatusReg1 0x05
#define W25Q_ReadStatusReg2 0x35
#define W25Q_ReadStatusReg3 0x15
#define W25Q_WriteStatusReg1 0x01
#define W25Q_WriteStatusReg2 0x31
#define W25Q_WriteStatusReg3 0x11
#define W25Q_ReadData 0x03
#define W25Q_FastReadData 0x0B
#define W25Q_FastReadDual 0x3B
#define W25Q_PageProgram 0x02
#define W25Q_BlockErase 0xD8
#define W25Q_SectorErase 0x20
#define W25Q_ChipErase 0xC7
#define W25Q_PowerDown 0xB9
#define W25Q_ReleasePowerDown 0xAB
#define W25Q_DeviceID 0xAB
#define W25Q_ManufactDeviceID 0x90
#define W25Q_JedecDeviceID 0x9F
#define W25Q_Enable4ByteAddr 0xB7
#define W25Q_Exit4ByteAddr 0xE9
#define W25Q_SetReadParam 0xC0
#define W25Q_EnterQPIMode 0x38
#define W25Q_ExitQPIMode 0xFF
void w25q_init(void);
void w25q_read_flash(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length);
void w25q_write_flash(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length);
void w25q_write_flash_no_check(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length);
#endif
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