往期鸿蒙全套实战文章必看:(附带鸿蒙全栈学习资料)
Sendable使用场景
Sendable对象可在不同并发实例间通过引用传递,相比序列化方式更高效,同时不会丢失class上携带的成员方法。因此,Sendable可以解决两个关键场景的问题:
-
跨并发实例传输大数据(例如达到100KB以上的数据)。
-
跨并发实例传递带方法的class实例对象。
跨并发实例传输大数据场景
由于跨并发实例序列化的开销随数据量线性增长,因此当传输数据量较大时(100KB的数据传输耗时约为1ms),跨并发实例的拷贝开销会影响应用性能。使用引用传递方式传输对象可提升性能。
示例:
// Index.ets
import { taskpool } from '@kit.ArkTS';
import { testTypeA, testTypeB, Test } from './sendable';
import { BusinessError, emitter } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
// 在并发函数中模拟数据处理
@Concurrent
async function taskFunc(obj: Test) {
console.info("test task res1 is: " + obj.data1.name + " res2 is: " + obj.data2.name);
}
async function test() {
// 使用taskpool传递数据
let a: testTypeA = new testTypeA("testTypeA");
let b: testTypeB = new testTypeB("testTypeB");
let obj: Test = new Test(a, b);
let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(taskFunc, obj);
await taskpool.execute(task);
}
@Concurrent
function SensorListener() {
// 监听逻辑
// ...
}
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
build() {
Column() {
Text("Listener task")
.id('HelloWorld')
.fontSize(50)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
.onClick(() => {
let sensorTask = new taskpool.LongTask(SensorListener);
emitter.on({ eventId: 0 }, (data) => {
// Do something here
console.info(`Receive ACCELEROMETER data: {${data.data?.x}, ${data.data?.y}, ${data.data?.z}`);
});
taskpool.execute(sensorTask).then(() => {
console.info("Add listener of ACCELEROMETER success");
}).catch((e: BusinessError) => {
// Process error
})
})
Text("Data processing task")
.id('HelloWorld')
.fontSize(50)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
.onClick(() => {
test();
})
}
.height('100%')
.width('100%')
}
}
// sendable.ets
// 将数据量较大的数据在Sendable class中组装
@Sendable
export class testTypeA {
name: string = "A";
constructor(name: string) {
this.name = name;
}
}
@Sendable
export class testTypeB {
name: string = "B";
constructor(name: string) {
this.name = name;
}
}
@Sendable
export class Test {
data1: testTypeA;
data2: testTypeB;
constructor(arg1: testTypeA, arg2: testTypeB) {
this.data1 = arg1;
this.data2 = arg2;
}
}
跨并发实例传递带方法的class实例对象
由于序列化传输实例对象时会丢失方法,因此在需要调用实例方法时,需使用引用传递方式。在数据处理过程中有需要解析的数据,可使用ASON工具解析。
示例:
// Index.ets
import { taskpool, ArkTSUtils } from '@kit.ArkTS';
import { SendableTestClass, ISendable } from './sendable';
// 在并发函数中模拟数据处理
@Concurrent
async function taskFunc(sendableObj: SendableTestClass) {
console.info("SendableTestClass: name is: " + sendableObj.printName() + ", age is: " + sendableObj.printAge() + ", sex is: " + sendableObj.printSex());
sendableObj.setAge(28);
console.info("SendableTestClass: age is: " + sendableObj.printAge());
// 解析sendableObj.arr数据生成JSON字符串
let str = ArkTSUtils.ASON.stringify(sendableObj.arr);
console.info("SendableTestClass: str is: " + str);
// 解析该数据并生成ISendable数据
let jsonStr = '{"name": "Alexa", "age": 23, "sex": "female"}';
let obj = ArkTSUtils.ASON.parse(jsonStr) as ISendable;
console.info("SendableTestClass: type is: " + typeof obj);
console.info("SendableTestClass: name is: " + (obj as object)?.["name"]); // 输出: 'Alexa'
console.info("SendableTestClass: age is: " + (obj as object)?.["age"]); // 输出: 23
console.info("SendableTestClass: sex is: " + (obj as object)?.["sex"]); // 输出: 'female'
}
async function test() {
// 使用taskpool传递数据
let obj: SendableTestClass = new SendableTestClass();
let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(taskFunc, obj);
await taskpool.execute(task);
}
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
@State message: string = 'Hello World';
build() {
RelativeContainer() {
Text(this.message)
.id('HelloWorld')
.fontSize(50)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
.alignRules({
center: { anchor: '__container__', align: VerticalAlign.Center },
middle: { anchor: '__container__', align: HorizontalAlign.Center }
})
.onClick(() => {
test();
})
}
.height('100%')
.width('100%')
}
}
// sendable.ets
// 定义模拟类Test,模仿开发过程中需传递带方法的class
import { lang, collections } from '@kit.ArkTS'
export type ISendable = lang.ISendable;
@Sendable
export class SendableTestClass {
name: string = 'John';
age: number = 20;
sex: string = "man";
arr: collections.Array<number> = new collections.Array<number>(1, 2, 3);
constructor() {
}
setAge(age: number) : void {
this.age = age;
}
printName(): string {
return this.name;
}
printAge(): number {
return this.age;
}
printSex(): string {
return this.sex;
}
}