文章目录
1.多变量赋值
常规写法:
a = 1
b = 2
c = 3
优雅写法:
a, b, c = 1, 2, 3
2.序列解包
常规写法:
student = ['Jack', 23, 'man']
name = student[0]
age = student[1]
sex = student[2]
print('name: %s, age: %s, sex: %s' % (name, age, sex))
优雅写法:
student = ['Jack', 23, 'man']
name, age, sex = student
print('name: %s, age: %s, sex: %s' % (name, age, sex))
3.三元表达式
常规写法:
x = -3
if x < 0:
y = -1
else:
y = 1
print(y)
优雅写法:
x = -3
y = -1 if x < 0 else 1
print(y)
4.多个值符合条件判断
常规写法:
status_code = 0
if status_code == -1 or status_code == -2 or status_code == -3:
print('fail')
else:
print('success')
优雅写法:
status_code = 0
if status_code in [-1, -2, -3]:
print('fail')
else:
print('success')
5.区间判断
常规写法:
score = 90
if score >= 0 and score < 60:
print('挂科')
else:
print('通过')
优雅写法:
score = 90
if 0 <= score < 60:
print('挂科')
else:
print('通过')
6.判断是否为空
常规写法:
A, B, C = [1, 2, 3], {}, ''
if len(A) > 0:
print('A非空')
if len(B) > 0:
print('B非空')
if len(C) > 0:
print('C非空')
优雅写法:
A, B, C = [1, 2, 3], {}, ''
if A:
print('A非空')
if B:
print('B非空')
if C:
print('C非空')
7.多条件判断至少一个成立
常规写法:
math, english, computer = 30, 90, 80
if math < 60 or english < 60 or computer < 60:
print('挂科')
else:
print('通过')
优雅写法:
math, english, computer = 30, 90, 80
if any([math < 60, english < 60, computer < 60]):
#多条件都符合用all
print('挂科')
else:
print('通过')
8.遍历序列的元素和序列下标
常规写法:
pets = ['cat', 'dog', 'rabbit', 'bird']
for i in range(len(pets)):
print('%s : %s' % (i, pets[i]))
优雅写法:
pets = ['cat', 'dog', 'rabbit', 'bird']
for i, pet in enumerate(pets):
print('%s : %s' % (i, pet))
9.遍历字典的 key 和 value
常规写法:
for k in d:
print (k, '--->', d[k])
优雅写法:
for k, v in d.items():
print (k, '--->', v)
10.列表和字典推导式
常规写法:
nums = []
for i in range(10):
nums.append(i)
print(nums)
# output:
# [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
优雅写法:
#结构是在一个中括号里包含一个表达式,然后是一个for语句
nums = [i for i in range(10)]
print(nums)
# output:
# [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
#字典推导中有冒号
my_dict = {i: i * i for i in xrange(100)}
11.善用装饰器
常规写法:
def web_lookup(url, saved={}):
if url in saved:
return saved[url]
page = urllib.urlopen(url).read()
saved[url] = page
return page
优雅写法:
import urllib #py2
#import urllib.request as urllib # py3
def cache(func):
saved = {}
def wrapper(url):
if url in saved:
return saved[url]
else:
page = func(url)
saved[url] = page
return page
return wrapper
@cache
def web_lookup(url):
return urllib.urlopen(url).read()
用装饰器写代码表面上感觉代码量更多,但是它把缓存相关的逻辑抽离出来了,可以给更多的函数调用,这样总的代码量就会少很多,而且业务方法看起来简洁了。