1. 第1题
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double haravg(double n1, double n2);
int main()
{
double n1, n2;//输入的两个数
double result;//调和平均数
cout << "请输入两个数字：";
//确保输入的是数字，并且只要两个值均不为0且不为负数时才进行求调和平均值
while ((cin >> n1 >> n2) && (n1 > 0) && (n2 > 0))
{
result = haravg(n1, n2);
cout << n1 << "和" << n2 << "的调和平均数：" << result << endl;
cout << "请输入两个数字：";
}
cout << "结束！" << endl;
return 0;
}
//求调和平均数
double haravg(double n1, double n2)
{
double avg = (2.0*n1*n2) / (n1 + n2);
return avg;
}
注意
- 不能计算两个负数的调和平均数，因此我让两个数都是大于0的，不然计算公式的分母就为0了!
- while的循环条件：
cin>>n1>>n2保证输入的是数字。
结果图：
2 第2题
#include <iostream>
const int MaxSize = 10;//数组元素最多为10
using namespace std;
int Input(double ar[], int MaxSize);
void Show(const double ar[],int n);
double Calavg(const double ar[],int n);
int main()
{
int num;//个数
double avg;//平均数
double sorce[MaxSize];//成绩数组
cout << "最多输入" << MaxSize << "个高尔夫成绩：" << endl;
num = Input(sorce, MaxSize);//返回数组输入个数
Show(sorce, num);//显示
avg = Calavg(sorce, num);
cout << "这" << num << "个成绩的平均值为：" << avg << endl;
return 0;
}
//输入
int Input(double ar[], int MaxSize)
{
int i;//计数
double temp;//暂存输入的值
for (i = 0; i < MaxSize; i++)
{
cout << "#" << i + 1<<"：";
cin >> temp;
//如果输入的不是数字
if (!temp)
{
cin.clear();//重置
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
cout << "输入的不是数字！" << endl;
break;
}
//使用负数来结束输入
else if (temp < 0)
break;
ar[i] = temp;
}
return i;//返回数组长度
}
//显示
void Show(const double ar[],int n)
{
cout << "高尔夫成绩：";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << ar[i] << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
}
//计算平均值
double Calavg(const double ar[],int n)
{
double total = 0;
double avg;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
total = total + ar[i];
}
avg = total / n;
return avg;
}
注意
- 3个函数中输入函数是最难的，因为他要考虑多个方面，首先是输入的是不是数字，这里使用
！temp来判断；其次输入的数字是不是为负数，当输入为负数时，就结束输入； - 输入函数的参数：输入函数，因为输入的个数是不确定的，因此我们最好把输入的个数作为返回参数，这个返回参数之后作为显示和计算平均值函数的输入参数。
结果图：
3 第3题
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct box
{
char maker[40];
float height;
float width;
float length;
float volume;
};
void Show(const box b);
void Calvolume(box *p);
int main()
{
box b1 = { "MUJI",50,40,100, 200000 };
box b2 = { "MUJI",50,40,100};//未初始化volume值
cout << "用值传递：" << endl;
Show(b1);
cout << endl;
cout << "使用指针：" << endl;
Calvolume(&b2);
return 0;
}
//使用值传递
void Show(const box b)
{
cout << "maker：" << b.maker << endl;
cout << "height：" << b.height << endl;
cout << "width：" << b.width << endl;
cout << "length：" << b.length << endl;
cout << "volume：" << b.volume << endl;
}
//使用指针
void Calvolume(box *p)
{
p->volume = (p->height)*(p->length)*(p->width);//计算volume
cout << "maker：" << p->maker << endl;
cout << "height：" << p->height << endl;
cout << "width：" << p->width << endl;
cout << "length：" << p->length << endl;
cout << "volume：" << p->volume << endl;
}
注意
- 输入参数是否要用const：Show（）函数因为只是显示其中的内容，最好是不修改结构的内容，因此在输入参数上加上const；而Calvolume（）函数是要单独计算体积这个成员变量的，会改变结构的值，因此输入参数不能加const
- 使用指针访问结构成员不能用句点运算符，需要用箭头运算符。
结果图：
4 第4题
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
long double probability(unsigned numbers, unsigned picks);
int main()
{
unsigned numbers1, picks1;
unsigned numbers2, picks2;
long double p1, p2, p;
cout << "请输入第一组域号码的总数和你要选择的个数：";
if (cin >> numbers1 >> picks1 && picks1 < numbers1)
{
p1 = probability(numbers1, picks1);
cout << "域号码1~" << numbers1 << "中正确选取" << picks1 << "个号码的概率为：" << p1 << endl;
}
cout << "请输入第二组域号码的总数和你要选择的个数：";
if (cin >> numbers2 >> picks2 && picks2 < numbers2)
{
p2 = probability(numbers2, picks2);
cout << "域号码1~" << numbers2 << "中正确选取" << picks2 << "个号码的概率为：" << p2 << endl;
}
p = p1 * p2;
cout << "中头奖的概率为：" << p1 << endl;
return 0;
}
long double probability(unsigned numbers, unsigned picks)
{
long double result = 1.0;
for (int i = numbers, j = picks; j > 0; i--, j--)
{
result = result * j / i;//书上是错的，没有取倒数！！！
}
return result;
}
注意
- 书上求概率的函数是错的，甚至书上的运行结果也是错的！哪有概率会大于1的。太荒唐了，也不知道这本书的作者是当时没睡醒还是怎么的，我觉得很不可思议。其实书上还有很多错误，小伙伴们不要被迷惑了。
结果图：
5 第5题
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
long long factorial(int n);
int main()
{
int n;
long long fac;//阶乘
cout << "请输入你要求阶乘的整数：";
while (cin >> n && n >= 0)
{
fac = factorial(n);
cout << n << "！ = " << fac << endl;
cout << "请输入你要求阶乘的整数：";
}
cout << "结束！" << endl;
return 0;
}
long long factorial(int n)
{
long long result;
if (n == 0)
result = 1;
else
result = factorial(n - 1)*n;
return result;
}
注意
- 首先要保证你输入的数是数字并且不为负数；
- 递归调用factorial（）；
结果图：
6 第6题
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int Fill_array(double ar[], int len);
void Show_array(const double ar[], int n);
void reverse_array(double ar[], int n);
const int ArrSize = 10;//数组大小
int main()
{
double arr[ArrSize];
int n = Fill_array(arr, ArrSize);
cout << "原数组为：" << endl;
Show_array(arr, n);
reverse_array(arr, n);
cout << "反转后的数组为：" << endl;
Show_array(arr, n);
return 0;
}
int Fill_array(const double ar[], int len)
{
int i = 0;//计数
double temp;//暂时存储输入的值
cout << "请输入double值：" << endl;
cout << "#" << i + 1 << ": ";
while (cin >> temp && i != len)
{
ar[i] = temp;
i++;
cout << "#" << i + 1 << ": ";
}
cout << "输入结束！" << endl;
return i;
}
//显示
void Show_array(double ar[], int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << ar[i] << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
}
void reverse_array(double ar[], int n)
{
//反转范围从第二个元素到倒数第二个元素
for (int i = 1, j = n - 2; i < j; i++, j--)
{
double temp = ar[i];
ar[i] = ar[j];
ar[j] = temp;
}
}
注意点
- Fill_array()中的如何控制数组被填满或者输入非数字后，输入停止：我这里是
while(cin>>temp && n != len)前一个是保证输入是数字，后一个确保计数i不超过len。 - reverse_array()中注意反转数组的范围，因为第一个元素和最后一个元素是不反转的。
结果图：
7 第7题
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double * fill_array(double *ar, double *limit);
void show_array(const double *ar, double *end);//const是为了不改变数组的内容
void revalue(double r,double *ar, double *end);
const int Max = 5;
int main()
{
double properties[Max];
double *end = fill_array(properties, properties + Max);
show_array(properties, end);
//输入元素不为0时
if (end != properties)
{
cout << "Enter revalueation factor:";
double factor;
while (!(cin >> factor))
{
cin.clear();
while (!(cin.get() != '\n'))
continue;
cout << "Bad input;Please enter a number:";
}
revalue(factor, properties, end);//
show_array(properties, end);
}
cout << "Done." << endl;
cin.get();
cin.get();
return 0;
}
double * fill_array(double *ar, double *limit)
{
double temp;//暂时存放输入的数据
double *p;//跟随元素增加而移动的指针
int i;
for (p = ar,i = 0; p != limit; p++, i++)
{
cout << "Enter value #" << (i + 1) << ": ";
cin >> temp;
if (!cin)
{
cin.clear();
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
cout << "Bad input;input process terminated." << endl;
break;
}
else if (temp < 0)
break;
*p = temp;
}
return p;
}
void show_array(const double *ar, double *end)
{
const double *p;
int i;
for (p = ar,i = 0; p != end; p++,i++)
{
cout << "Property #" << (i + 1) << ": $";
cout << *p << endl;
}
}
void revalue(double r, double *ar, double *end)
{
const double *p;
int i;
for (p = ar, i = 0; p != end; p++, i++)
{
*(ar + i) *= r;
}
}
注意点
- fill_array()函数返回的是指针，因此注意返回的类型应该为double *;
double *end = fill_array(properties, properties + Max);用到“超尾"的概念，properties + Max是指向最后一个元素后面的指针！- 其余两个函数中需要用到for循环，注意循环的条件，只要
p != end就表明还未循环到最后一个元素。详细可以看书上220页的内容。
结果图：
8. 第8题
- 第一种版本：
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int Seasons = 4;
const char* Snames[Seasons] = { "Spring","Summer","Fall","Winter" };
void fill(double *arr, int limit);
void show(const double *arr, int limit);
int main()
{
double expenses[Seasons];//double数组用来存储开支数组
fill(expenses, Seasons);
show(expenses, Seasons);
return 0;
}
void fill(double *arr, int limit)
{
for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
{
cout << "Enter " << *(Snames + i) << " expenses: ";
cin >> *(arr + i);
}
}
void show(const double *arr, int limit)
{
double total = 0.0;
cout << "\nEXPENSES\n";
for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
{
cout << *(Snames + i) << ": $" << *(arr + i) << endl;
total = total + *(arr + i);
}
cout << "Total Expenses: $" << total << endl;
}
结果图：
2.第二种版本：
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int Seasons = 4;
const char* Snames[Seasons] = { "Spring","Summer","Fall","Winter" };
struct Expenses
{
double expenses[Seasons];//开支数组
};
void fill(Expenses * e, int limit);
void show(const Expenses * e, int limit);
int main()
{
Expenses expenses;
fill(&expenses, Seasons);
show(&expenses, Seasons);
return 0;
}
void fill(Expenses * e, int limit)
{
for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
{
cout << "Enter " << *(Snames + i) << " expenses: ";
cin >> e->expenses[i];
}
}
void show(const Expenses * e, int limit)
{
double total = 0.0;
cout << "\nEXPENSES\n";
for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
{
cout << *(Snames + i) << ": $" << e->expenses[i] << endl;
total = total + e->expenses[i];
}
cout << "Total Expenses: $" << total << endl;
}
结果图：
9. 第9题
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
const int SLEN = 30;
struct student
{
char fullname[SLEN];
char hobby[SLEN];
int ooplevel;
};
int getinfo(student pa[], int n);//用户输入结构体的信息，并返回实际输入的结构体数组的元素个数
void display1(student st);//显示一个结构体的内容
void display2(const student * ps);//显示一个结构体的内容
void display3(const student pa[], int n);//显示一个结构体数组的内容
int main()
{
cout << "Enter class size: ";
int class_size;
cin >> class_size;
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
student * ptr_stu = new student[class_size];
int entered = getinfo(ptr_stu, class_size);
for (int i = 0; i < class_size; i++)
{
display1(ptr_stu[i]);
display2(&ptr_stu[i]);
}
display3(ptr_stu, entered);
delete[] ptr_stu;
cout << "Done." << endl;
return 0;
}
int getinfo(student pa[], int n)
{
int count = 0;//计数
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << "请输入#" << i + 1 << "个学生的信息：" << endl;
cout << "fullname: ";
cin.getline(pa[i].fullname,SLEN);
cout << "hobby: ";
cin.getline(pa[i].hobby,SLEN);
cout << "ooplevel: ";
cin >> pa[i].ooplevel;
cin.get();//防止混合输入数字和字符串出现问题
count++;
}
cout << "输入结束！" << endl;
return count;
}
void display1(student st)
{
cout << "display1的显示结果：" << endl;
cout << "fullname: " << st.fullname << endl;
cout << "hobby: " << st.hobby << endl;
cout << "ooplevel: " << st.ooplevel << endl;
}
void display2(const student * ps)
{
cout << "display2的显示结果：" << endl;
cout << "fullname: " << ps->fullname << endl;
cout << "hobby: " << ps->hobby << endl;
cout << "ooplevel: " << ps->ooplevel << endl;
}
void display3(const student pa[], int n)
{
cout << "display3的显示结果：" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << "#" << i + 1 << ": " << endl;
cout << "fullname: " << pa[i].fullname << endl;
cout << "hobby: " << pa[i].hobby << endl;
cout << "ooplevel: " << pa[i].ooplevel << endl;
cout << endl;
}
}
结果图：
10.第10题
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
double calculate(double d1, double d2, double(*p)(double, double));
double add(double x, double y);
double sub(double x, double y);
double multi(double x, double y);
int main()
{
double(*pf[3])(double d1, double d2) = { add,sub,multi };
double d1, d2, value;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
cout << "请输入一对数字：";
//输入非数字时，提示错误
while (!(cin>>d1>>d2))
{
cin.clear();
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
cout << "Bad Input!" << endl;
}
value = calculate(d1, d2, *pf[i]);
cout << d1 << "和" << d2 << "的运算结果为：" << value << endl;
}
return 0;
}
double calculate(double d1, double d2, double(*p)(double, double))
{
double value = (*p)(d1, d2);
return value;
}
double add(double x, double y)
{
return x + y;
}
double sub(double x, double y)
{
return x - y;
}
double multi(double x, double y)
{
return x * y;
}
结果图：
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