不同版本UNIX的命令对比

TASK \ OS	Solaris	AIX	HP-UX	IRIX	Linux
OS notes	Solaris 2.0-2.6, 7, 8, 9 (SunOS 5.*) SVR4-based	By IBM, with input from System V, BSD, etc. etc. Runs mainly on IBM RS/6000 and related hardware.	Hewlett-Packard.	SGI. SVR4-based	(rh) = Red Hat, Mandrake, Suse,... (deb) = Debian, Libranet,... (mand) = Mandrake (SuSE) = SuSE
administrative GUI	solstice admintool smc (8 01/01+)	smit smitty wsm	sam	/usr/sysadm/bin/sysmgr (6.3+) toolchest /usr/Cadmin/bin/*	(rh, FC2+, RHEL4+) system-config* (rh) redhat-config* linuxconf (obsolete) (SuSE) yast2 (deb) dpkg-reconfigure (mand) drakconf
managing users	useradd userdel usermod /usr/sadm/bin/smuser (9+) groupadd	lsuser mkuser chuser rmuser	useradd userdel usermod	/usr/sysadm/privbin/ addUserAccount passmgmt /usr/Cadmin/bin/cpeople	useradd userdel adduser
TASK \ OS	Solaris	AIX	HP-UX	IRIX	Linux
list hardware configuration	prtconf -v /usr/platform/`uname -i`/ sbin/prtdiag -v (sun4u and sun4d only) arch -k psrinfo -v isainfo -v dmesg iostat -En prtfru cfgadm -l /etc/path_to_inst	prtconf lscfg lsattr lsdev	ioscan dmesg (if you're lucky) adb model stm (from the SupportPlus CDROM) bdf (like most vendors' df) getconf machinfo (11.23+) print_manifest	hinv	dmesg (if you're lucky) /proc/* lshw dmidecode lspci lspnp lsusb lsmod (SuSE) hwinfo
show/set EEPROM/NVRAM values	eeprom	bootlist -o -m normal	setboot stm	nvram printenv/setenv (at command monitor)	/dev/nvram (if you have it) hwclock nvsetenv
add device without reboot	devfsadm. pre-Solaris 7 HW 11/99, use: drvconfig; devlinks; {disks, tapes, ports}	cfgmgr -v	ioscan -fnCdevtype; insf -Cdevtype	scsiha -pr ioconfig -f /hw scsiadminswap -b bus -p	modprobe kerneld insmod hotplug cardctl
tape device	/dev/rmt/0	/dev/rmt0	/dev/rmt/0m	/dev/tape /dev/nrtape	/dev/st0
stdin/ stdout/ stderr	/dev/fd/[012]	?	?	/dev/fd/[012]	/dev/fd/[012]
X kvm config	kdmconfig (x86) fbconfig; m64config; (etc.)	?	itemap	/usr/bin/X11/xsetmon /usr/gfx/setmon	xf86config XFree86 -configure redhat-config-xfree86 /etc/X11/?dm
TASK \ OS	Solaris	AIX	HP-UX	IRIX	Linux
read a disk label	prtvtoc	lspv -l	diskinfo pvdisplay	prtvtoc	fdisk -l
whole disk in partition	2	N/A	?	10	/dev/hda (e.g. if /dev/hda1 is a partition)
label a disk	format prtvtoc (x86) fdisk	mkvg	pvcreate	dvhtool fx -x	cfdisk fdisk e2label
partition a disk	format fmthard	mklv	lvcreate sam	fx	parted (if you have it) fdisk pdisk (on a MAC) (deb) mac-fdisk (on a MAC) (mand) diskdrake
TASK \ OS	Solaris	AIX	HP-UX	IRIX	Linux
kernel	/kernel/genunix /platform/`uname -m`/  kernel/unix /platform/`uname -m`/  kernel/sparcv9/unix (7+)	/unix	/hpux (9) /stand/vmunix (10+)	/unix	/boot/vmlinuz* /boot/bootlx (see /etc/lilo.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst)
show/set kernel parameters	sysdef getconf cat /etc/system ndd adb -k	/usr/samples/kernel/vmtune (installed with the bos adt.samples fileset) /usr/sbin/no (network-related)	sam sysdef kmtune (11+) kctune (11.23+) getconf	systune	/proc/* /proc/sys/* sysctl /etc/sysctl.conf
make disk bootable	installboot /usr/platform/ `uname -m` /lib/fs/ufs/bootblk raw_device_file	bosboot -a	mkboot	dvhtool	(rh) mkbootdisk (deb) fdisk -A (and lilo to manipulate mbr)
startup scripts	/etc/rc* /etc/init.d/	/etc/rc*	/etc/rc* (9) /etc/rc.config.d (preferred) /sbin/rc* (10+) /sbin/init.d/	/etc/rc* /etc/init.d/	/etc/rc* (but may vary) /etc/init.d/
run levels 1 *=normal states for more detail see www.phildev.net/runlevels.html	0: firmware monitor s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 2: multiuser 3*: share NFS 4*: user-defined 5: power-down if possible 6: reboot	2: multiuser 6: reboot	0: shut down s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 2: multiuser 3*: share NFS 4*: start GUI 5: user-defined 6: user-defined	0: power-down s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 2: multiuser (no NFS) 3*: multiuser 4: user-defined 5: firmware monitor	(set in /etc/inittab) 0: halt s,S,1: vendor-dependent 1: single-user 2-5*: multiuser 6: reboot
show runlevel 1	who -r	who -r	who -r	who -r	/sbin/runlevel
time zone info	/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/	/etc/environment ($TZ)	/usr/lib/tztab	/usr/lib/locale/TZ/ /etc/TIMEZONE	/usr/share/zoneinfo/
check swap space	swap -s swap -l	lsps -a	swapinfo	swap -s swap -l	swapon -s cat /proc/meminfo cat /proc/swaps free
TASK \ OS	Solaris	AIX	HP-UX	IRIX	Linux
"normal" filesystem	ufs	jfs	hfs vxfs (11.0+)	efs, xfs	ext2 ext3 ReiserFS
volume-based filesystem	Solstice DiskSuite VxVM ($)	jfs	jfs (vxfs) LVM VxVM ($)	xlv, xvm, xfs	LVM, LVM2 EVMS VxVM ($)
file system description	/etc/vfstab (local)	/etc/filesystems	/etc/checklist (9)  /etc/fstab (10+)	/etc/fstab	/etc/fstab
volume manipulation	meta* (Solstice DiskSuite; Solaris Volume Mgr (9+)) (7-, found in /usr/opt/SUNWmd/  sbin/) /opt/VRTSvxva/bin/vxva (Veritas Volume Mgr) ($)	smitty vg smitty lvm smitty jfs mkvg; chvg; rmvg mklv; chlv; rmlv mkfs; crfs; rmfs	vg*; lv*; pv* extendfs fsadm	xlv_mgr xvm	e2fsadm lvcreate lvremove lvextend
create filesystem	newfs mkfs	crfs	mkfs newfs	mkfs	mke2fs mkreiserfs mkdosfs
file system debugging and recovery	fsck fsdb clri	dfsck fsck fsdb	fsck fsdb	fsck fsdb clri xfs_repair	fsck debugfs e2undel
create non-0-length empty file	mkfile	lmktemp	prealloc	mkfile	dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024k count=desired
mount CDROM	/etc/init.d/vold start; volcheck or mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s2 /cdrom	mount -v cdrfs -o ro /dev/cd0 /cdrom smitty cdrom	pfs_mountd pfsd pfs_mount mount /dev/dsk/cxtydz /SD_CDROM mount -orr /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom (requires "Rock Ridge extension" patches, 11+)	(see man mediad) (mounts automatically when CD inserted)	mount /mnt/cdrom (deb) mount /cdrom
create/mount ISO image	mkisofs;cdrecord;mount	?	?	?	mkisofs mount -o loop pathToIso mountPoint
ACL management	getfacl setfacl	aclget aclput acledit ls -e	lsacl chacl getacl setacl	chacl (see man acl)	getfacl setfacl
TASK \ OS	Solaris	AIX	HP-UX	IRIX	Linux
NFS share definitions	/etc/dfs/dfstab dfshares	/etc/exports /etc/xtab	/etc/exports	/etc/exports	/etc/exports
NFS share command	share shareall	exportfs -a	exportfs -a	exportfs -a	/etc/init.d/nfs-server reload (rh) exportfs -a
NFS information	showmount nfsstat	?	nfsstat	mount | grep nfs	cat /proc/mounts
name resolution order	/etc/nsswitch.conf getent	/etc/netsvc.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf	6+: /etc/nsswitch.conf 5.3: /etc/resolv.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf
show network interface info	ndd ifconfig -a netstat -in (8+) kstat -n hme0 | egrep 'ifspeed|duplex'	ifconfig -a no -a netstat -i netstat -v lsattr -E -l entX	lanadmin landiag lanscan netstat -in ifconfig lanx	ifconfig -a netstat -ia	ifconfig ethtool
change IP	edit: /etc/{resolv.conf, hosts, hostname.*, netmasks, nodename, dumpadm.conf, net/*/hosts} sys-unconfig; reboot	smitty chinet chdev -a netaddr= newIP -I en#	/sbin/set_parms initial ifconfig	edit: /etc/{hosts, sys_id, resolv.conf, TIMEZONE}, /etc/config/ {static-route.options, ifconfig-1.options}; reboot	(rh) redhat-config-network (fedora) system-config-network (rh) edit: /etc/hosts, /etc/sysconfig/network, /etc/sysconfig/ network-scripts/ ifcfg-eth0 (deb) edit /etc/network/interfaces; /etc/init.d/networking restart
start DHCP client	ifconfig interface dhcp	?	?	?	dhcpcd
ping one packet	ping hostname  packetsize 1	ping -c 1 hostname	ping hostname 10 1 (9) ping hostname -n 1 (10+)	ping -c 1 hostname	ping -c 1 hostname
sniff network	snoop	iptrace ipreport	nettl netfmt	snoop tcpdump	etherfind tcpdump ethereal etherape
route definitions	/etc/defaultrouter /etc/notrouter /etc/gateways in.routed netstat -r route add	netstat -r smitty route	/etc/rc.config.d/netconf netstat -r	/etc/config/ static-route.options	route (rh) /etc/sysconfig/network (rh) /etc/sysconfig/static-routes (deb) /etc/init.d/network (deb) /etc/network
telnetd, ftpd banner	/etc/default/telnetd /etc/default/ftpd	/etc/security/login.cfg	/etc/inetd.conf (telnet)	/etc/issue	/etc/issue.net (telnet) (ftp varies; can use tcp wrappers)
TASK \ OS	Solaris	AIX	HP-UX	IRIX	Linux
encrypted passwords in	/etc/shadow	/etc/security/passwd	/etc/passwd (not Trusted) /.secure/etc/passwd (Trusted 9) /tcb/files/auth/ (10+) /etc/shadow (11.22+)	/etc/shadow	/etc/shadow (may vary)
allow/deny root logins	/etc/default/login	/etc/security/user	/etc/securetty	/etc/default/login	/etc/securetty
firewall config	(9+) /usr/aset/	?	/etc/opt/ipf/ipf.conf	/etc/ipf.conf	iptables ipchains ipfwadm (rh) redhat-config- securitylevel
TASK \ OS	Solaris	AIX	HP-UX	IRIX	Linux
show installed software	pkginfo prodreg admintool /var/sadm/install/contents	lslpp -L	rmfn, what (HP-UX 9) swlist (HP-UX 10+)	versions showfiles showprods	(rh) rpm -a -i (rh) rpm -qa (rh) yum list installed (deb) dselect (deb) aptitude (deb) dpkg -l
add software	pkgadd	smitty install_all smitty installp /usr/lib/instl/sm_inst installp_cmd -a -d 'device' '-c' '-N' '-g' '-X'	swinstall	inst swmgr	(rh) rpm -hiv (rh) yum install pkg (deb) dselect (deb) apt-get install pkg (deb) dpkg -i
precompiled binaries of GPLware and freeware	www.sunfreeware.com www.blastwave.org	www-1.ibm.com/servers/ aix/products/aixos/linux/ download.html aixpdslib.seas.ucla.edu/ aixpdslib.html bullfreeware.com	hpux.cs.utah.edu hpux.connect.org.uk	freeware.sgi.com www.sgi.com/fun	www.linux.org linux.tucows.com sourceforge.net rpmfind.net (deb) ftp.debian.org (deb) packages.debian.org
C compiler	/opt/SUNWspro/  bin/cc ($)	/usr/ibmcxx/bin/cc	/opt/softbench/bin/cc ($) /bin/cc (9) /usr/bin/cc (10+; not ANSI; kernel builder only)	/opt/MIPSpro/  bin/cc ($) /usr/bin/cc	gcc
show patch level and/or patches	showrev -p prodreg (2.6+) patchadd -p	instfix -ivq oslevel -r	swlist -l product | grep PHsomeString	versions -b | grep patch (6.4-) uname -R (6.5+)	(rh) rpm -q (deb) dpkg -s
patch tool	installpatch (2.5.1-) patchadd (2.6+) pkgadd /usr/sadm/bin/smpatch (9+)	installp smitty update_all	update (9) swinstall (10+)	inst swmgr	apt-get update apt-get upgrade (rh) up2date (rh) yum update (mand) urpmi
configure/show runtime linking fortran-2000.com/ ArnaudRecipes/ sharedlib.html	crle ldd pldd modinfo LD_PRELOAD	dump -H ldd	chatr ldd (11+) kmadmin	ldd rld _RLD_LIST	ldconfig ldd lsmod
link library path	$LD_LIBRARY_PATH	$LIBPATH	$LD_LIBRARY_PATH (64-bit) $SHLIB_PATH (32- or 64-bit)	$LD_LIBRARY_PATH $RLD*_PATH	$LD_LIBRARY_PATH /etc/ld.so.conf
tracing utility	truss sotruss dtrace (10+)	trace syscalls truss watch	trace (freeware) tusc (11+, freeware)	par prfstat	strace ltrace
define user defaults	/etc/default/login /etc/profile /etc/security/	/etc/security/ mkuser.default /etc/environment	/etc/default /etc/PATH /etc/MANPATH /etc/default/*	/etc/default/login /etc/profile	/etc/profile /etc/security/ /etc/skel/
csh global .login	/etc/.login	?	/etc/csh.login	/etc/cshrc	/etc/csh.login
default syslog and messages	/var/adm/messages /var/log/syslog	/var/adm/syslog /var/adm/messages	/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log /var/adm/sulog /var/spool/mqueue/syslog	/var/adm/SYSLOG /var/adm/sulog	/var/log/syslog /var/log/messages /usr/adm/messages /var/log/maillog
system error reporting tool	prtdiag	errpt	dmesg sysdiag (9 and early10) stm/cstm/mstm/xstm (10.20+) EMS (from support CD)	sysmon amsyslog availmon eventmond imdmonitor syserrpanel	dmesg (deb) reportbug
performance monitoring	sar; iostat; kstat; mpstat; netstat; nfsstat; prstat; trapstat; vmstat; ptree	ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/ aix/tools/perftools/perfpmr vmstat; iostat; sar; filemon; topas; trace; svmon; netpmon	top; sar; vmstat; iostat; nfsstat; netstat; uustat; Glance($)	pcp; dkstat; pmkstat; sar; osview; gr_osview; ecstats; linkstat; netstat; nfsstat; nfsvis; nodevis; routervis; nstats; top	vmstat procinfo -D
match process to file or port	fuser lsof2 pfiles	procfiles (5.2+, files only)	?	fuser	lsof netstat -atup
TASK \ OS	Solaris	AIX	HP-UX	IRIX	Linux
FAQs (see also faqs.org)	www.faqs.org/faqs/Solaris2/ FAQ/ www.faqs.org/faqs/Solaris2/ x86/FAQ/ www.stokely.com/ unix.sysadm.resources/ faqs.sun.html	www.faqs.org/faqs/ aix-faq/part1/ preamble.html	www.faqs.org/faqs/ hp/hpux-faq/preamble.html	techpubs.sgi.com/library/ tpl/cgi-bin/browse.cgi?coll=0650 &db=FAQ	www.linuxdoc.org/ FAQ/Linux-FAQ www.debian.org/doc/ FAQ
mailing list	sun-managers@sunmanagers .org (majordomo)	AIX-L@pucc. princeton.edu (LISTSERV)	hpux-admin@ dutchworks.nl  (majordomo)	?	www.linumanagers .org www.linux.org/ help/lists.html
mailing list archives	www.sunmanagers.org/ archives.html www.latech. edu/sunman.html	www.marist. edu/htbin/wlvindex? ADSM-L marc.theaimsgroup.com/ ?l=aix-l&r=1&w=2	www.dutch works.nl/  htbin/hpsysadmin	?	www.linuxmanagers.org/ pipermail/linuxmanagers lists.debian.org
man pages www.freebsd.org/ cgi/man.cgi	docs.sun.com/ app/docs/ coll/40.10	publib.boulder.ibm.com/ infocenter/pseries/ v5r3/index.jsp? topic=/com.ibm.aix.doc/ infocenter/base/ alphabeticallistofcommands.htm	docs.hp.com/en/hpuxman_pages.html hpuxman_pages.html	techpubs.sgi.com/ library/tpl/cgi-bin/browse.cgi? coll=&db=man	www.linuxmanpages.com/ Fedora Core 4: linuxcommand.org/ superman_pages.php www.tldp.org/docs.html#man
newsgroup(s) groups.google	comp.sys.sun. admin, comp.unix.solaris	comp.unix.aix www.thp.uni-duisburg.de/ cuaix/cuaix.html	comp.sys.hp.hpux	comp.sys.sgi.admin	comp.os.linux.* (esp .answers)
user groups	?	www.userblue.org	www.interex.org	?	www.debianhelp.org
magazines	www.sunworld.com sun.com/sun-on-net/itworld	www.developer. ibm.com/library/aixpert	www.hpchronicle.com www.interex.org/hpuxusr www.hppro.com	www.sgi.com/support/ pipeline.html	www.linuxjournal.com www.linux-mag.com www.debianplanet.org
vendor home page	sun.com/solaris sun.com/bigadmin sun.com/developers/support soldc.sun.com access1.sun.com	www.developer.ibm.com/ tech/map/aixrm.html	unix.hp.com	www.sgi.com/software/ software.html#IRIX	www.linux.org www.redhat.com www.debian.org
vendor docs and patches (see also man pages)	docs.sun.com sunsolve.sun.com	www.redbooks.ibm.com techsupport.services. ibm.com/ server/support? view=pSeries	docs.hp.com itrc.hp.com	techpubs.sgi.com www.sgi.com/ support/patch_intro.html support.sgi.com relnotes grelnotes	www.linuxdoc.org/ rpmfind.net/linux/RPM
vendor phone (US)	800-USA-4SUN	AIX: 800-237-5511 IBM hardware:  800-426-7378	800-633-3600	800-800-4SGI	?