【GD32F4xx源码】1. systick及volatile（C语言）

1. volatile关键字

C语言中变量的定义：

存储类型    特征修饰     数据类型    变量名

存储类型：决定变量的存储位置

auto  自动类型，局部变量，存在栈中，

static    静态变量，静态区（数据段），生命周期长

extern        

register 局部变量，寄存器或内存，只能是整形，不能取地址操作

特征修饰： 决定变量的特征属性 const，voatile

代码优化（减少内存访问的速度）：

1. 硬件：引入高速缓存

2. 软件： 编码优化；编译优化；

volatile应用场合：

1. 中断

2. 多线程

3. 硬件寄存器

作用：告诉编译器每次都要去内存存取，不是直接使用寄存器中的备份

数据类型： 决定变量的存储空间及数据范围 

变量名：决定变量的引用标识

2. 源码

因为SysTick定时器向下计数器是24位，所以传入变量大于0xFFFFFF时返回1，标识不是正常返回；

上表分别对应代码中SysTick_Type结构体的CTRL,LOAD,VAL,CALIB

SysTick_CTRL_CLKSOURCE_Msk | SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Msk | SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk即将CTRL寄存器的0，1，2位置1；

//core_m4.h 源码
#define SysTick_LOAD_RELOAD_Msk            (0xFFFFFFUL /*<< SysTick_LOAD_RELOAD_Pos*/)    /*!< SysTick LOAD: RELOAD Mask */

#define __NVIC_PRIO_BITS          4        /*!< GD32F4xx uses 4 bits for the priority levels             */

#define SysTick_CTRL_CLKSOURCE_Pos          2U                                            /*!< SysTick CTRL: CLKSOURCE Position */
#define SysTick_CTRL_CLKSOURCE_Msk         (1UL << SysTick_CTRL_CLKSOURCE_Pos)            /*!< SysTick CTRL: CLKSOURCE Mask */

#define SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Pos            1U                                            /*!< SysTick CTRL: TICKINT Position */
#define SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Msk           (1UL << SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Pos)              /*!< SysTick CTRL: TICKINT Mask */

#define SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Pos             0U                                            /*!< SysTick CTRL: ENABLE Position */
#define SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk            (1UL /*<< SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Pos*/)           /*!< SysTick CTRL: ENABLE Mask */
#define NVIC_SetPriority  __NVIC_SetPriority

__STATIC_INLINE void __NVIC_SetPriority(IRQn_Type IRQn, uint32_t priority)
{
  if ((int32_t)(IRQn) >= 0)
  {
    NVIC->IP[((uint32_t)IRQn)]               = (uint8_t)((priority << (8U - __NVIC_PRIO_BITS)) & (uint32_t)0xFFUL);
  }
  else
  {
    SCB->SHP[(((uint32_t)IRQn) & 0xFUL)-4UL] = (uint8_t)((priority << (8U - __NVIC_PRIO_BITS)) & (uint32_t)0xFFUL);
  }
}

typedef struct
{
  __IOM uint32_t CTRL;                   /*!< Offset: 0x000 (R/W)  SysTick Control and Status Register */
  __IOM uint32_t LOAD;                   /*!< Offset: 0x004 (R/W)  SysTick Reload Value Register */
  __IOM uint32_t VAL;                    /*!< Offset: 0x008 (R/W)  SysTick Current Value Register */
  __IM  uint32_t CALIB;                  /*!< Offset: 0x00C (R/ )  SysTick Calibration Register */
} SysTick_Type;

#define SysTick             ((SysTick_Type   *)     SysTick_BASE  )   /*!< SysTick configuration struct */
// SysTick 定时器配置
__STATIC_INLINE uint32_t SysTick_Config(uint32_t ticks)
{
  if ((ticks - 1UL) > SysTick_LOAD_RELOAD_Msk)
  {
    return (1UL);                                                   /* Reload value impossible */
  }

  SysTick->LOAD  = (uint32_t)(ticks - 1UL);                         /* set reload register */
  NVIC_SetPriority (SysTick_IRQn, (1UL << __NVIC_PRIO_BITS) - 1UL); /* set Priority for Systick Interrupt */
  SysTick->VAL   = 0UL;                                             /* Load the SysTick Counter Value */
  SysTick->CTRL  = SysTick_CTRL_CLKSOURCE_Msk |
                   SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Msk   |
                   SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;                         /* Enable SysTick IRQ and SysTick Timer */
  return (0UL);                                                     /* Function successful */
}

#include "gd32f4xx.h"
#include "systick.h"

volatile static uint32_t delay;

*/


/*!
    \brief      configure systick
    \param[in]  none
    \param[out] none
    \retval     none
*/
void systick_config(void)
{
    /* setup systick timer for 1000Hz interrupts */
    if (SysTick_Config(SystemCoreClock / 1000U)){ // 120000次
        // #define __SYSTEM_CLOCK_120M_PLL_8M_HXTAL          (uint32_t)(120000000)
        // uint32_t SystemCoreClock = __SYSTEM_CLOCK_120M_PLL_8M_HXTAL;
        /* capture error */
        while (1){
        }
    }
    /* configure the systick handler priority */
    NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, 0x00U);
}

/*!
    \brief      delay a time in milliseconds
    \param[in]  count: count in milliseconds
    \param[out] none
    \retval     none
*/
void delay_1ms(uint32_t count)
{
    delay = count;

    while(0U != delay){
    }
}

/*!
    \brief      delay decrement
    \param[in]  none
    \param[out] none
    \retval     none
*/
void delay_decrement(void)
{
    if (0U != delay){
        delay--;
    }
}

// gd32f4xx_it.c
void SysTick_Handler(void)
{
    delay_decrement();
}