一、学习目标
学习openGauss数据库客户端工具gsql的使用。
二、课程学习
gsql是openGauss提供在命令行下运行的数据库连接工具,可以通过此工具连接服务器并对其进行操作和维护,除了具备操作数据库的基本功能,gsql还提供了若干高级特性,便于用户使用。
三、课程作业
1. 使用gsql命令连接数据库
--使用omm用户连接到本机omm数据库的5432端口,命令中的-r选项提供了对gsql命令的历史版本支持。
su - omm
gsql -r
或
gsql -d omm -p 5432 -r
实训环境示例:
root@modb:~# su - omm
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d omm -p 5432 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=#
2. 在gsql中查看数据库的版本、pg基础版本和版权信息
select version();
show server_version;
\copyright
omm=# select version();
version
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
(openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr on aarch64
-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by g++ (GCC) 7.3.0, 64-bit
(1 row)
omm=# show server_version;
server_version
----------------
9.2.4
(1 row)
omm=# \copyright
GaussDB Kernel Database Management System
Copyright (c) Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2018. All rights reserved.
3. 常见元命令的使用
--\l命令,元命令\l的作用是显示openGauss数据库集簇中,目前有哪些数据库。
\l
--\conninfo命令,元命令\conninfo的作用是在gsql中,显示会话的连接信息。
\conninfo
--\c[onnect] [DBNAME]命令,元命令\ c[onnect] [DBNAME]的作用是在gsql中,切换连接的数据库postgres。
\c postgres
--\du命令和\dg命令,元命令\dg命令与元命令\du命令的作用类似,都是显示openGauss数据库集簇中,目前有哪些用户和角色。
\du
\dg
--\db命令,元命令\db的作用是显示openGauss数据库集簇中,目前有哪些表空间。
\db
--\dn命令,元命令\dn的作用是显示当前数据库有哪些数据库模式。
\dn
--创建表
CREATE TABLE customer_t
( c_customer_sk integer,
c_customer_id char(5),
c_first_name char(6),
c_last_name char(8)
) ;
--插入数据
INSERT INTO customer_t (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES (3769, 5, 'Grace','White');
--\dt命令,命令\dt的作用是显示数据库中所有的表。
\dt
--\d TableName命令,元命令\d TableName的作用是查看某个表的信息。
\d customer_t
--\di IndexName命令,查看索引信息,元命令\di IndexName的作用是查看某个索引的信息。
create index idx_customer_id on customer_t(c_customer_id);
\di
--可以用\pset命令以不同的方法显示表:
\pset命令---用于设置输出的格式
\pset border 0: 表示输出内容无表框;
\pset border 1: 表示内部显示边框
\pset border 2: 表示内部都有边框
\pset border 2
SELECT * FROM customer_t;
--打开扩展表格式模式。把表中每一行的每列数据都拆分为单行显示
\x
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d omm -p 5432 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
omm | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
omm=# postgres | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
template0 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
template1 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
(4 rows)
omm=# \conninfo
You are connected to database "omm" as user "omm" via socket in "/tmp" at port "5432".
omm=# \c postgres
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "omm".
openGauss=# \du
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Ope
ratoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
List of roles
Role name | Attributes
| Member of
-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin
| {}
openGauss=# \dg
List of roles
Role name | Attributes
| Member of
-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin
| {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Ope
ratoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
openGauss=# \db
List of tablespaces
Name | Owner | Location
------------+-------+----------
pg_default | omm |
pg_global | omm |
(2 rows)
openGauss=# \dn
List of schemas
Name | Owner
-----------------+---------
blockchain | omm
cstore | omm
db4ai | omm
dbe_perf | omm
dbe_pldebugger | omm
dbe_pldeveloper | omm
gaussdb | gaussdb
pkg_service | omm
public | omm
snapshot | omm
sqladvisor | omm
(11 rows)
openGauss=#
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE customer_t
openGauss-# ( c_customer_sk integer,
openGauss(# c_customer_id char(5),
openGauss(# c_first_name char(6),
openGauss(# c_last_name char(8)
openGauss(# ) ;
CREATE TABLE
openGauss=# INSERT INTO customer_t (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES (3769, 5, 'Grace','White');
INSERT 0 1
openGauss=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+------------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
public | customer_t | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)
openGauss=# \d customer_t
Table "public.customer_t"
Column | Type | Modifiers
---------------+--------------+-----------
c_customer_sk | integer |
c_customer_id | character(5) |
c_first_name | character(6) |
c_last_name | character(8) |
openGauss=# create index idx_customer_id on customer_t(c_customer_id);
CREATE INDEX
openGauss=# \di
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table | Storage
--------+-----------------+-------+-------+------------+---------
public | idx_customer_id | index | omm | customer_t |
(1 row)
openGauss=# \pset border 2
Border style is 2.
openGauss=# select * from customer_t;
+---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| 3769 | 5 | Grace | White |
+---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
(1 row)
openGauss=# +---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name |
openGauss=# \x
Expanded display is on.
4. gsql中的事务:测试gsql中的默认事务自动提交功能
--查看gsql中事务是否默认为自动提交
show AUTOCOMMIT;
--测试gsql中事务默认为自动提交功能
create table customer_new as select * from customer_t;
--退出登录
\q
--重新登录后看到之前创建的表customer_new:
gsql -d postgres -p 5432 -r
\dt
openGauss=# show AUTOCOMMIT;
autocommit
------------
on
(1 row)
openGauss=# create table customer_new as select * from customer_t;
INSERT 0 1
openGauss=# \q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d postgres omm -p 5432 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
openGauss=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+--------------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
public | customer_new | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
public | customer_t | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)
openGauss=#
5. gsql中的事务:测试gsql中的事务手动提交功能
–测试gsql手动提交
#Opengauss默认执行完一条语句后,立即提交。可以关闭自动提交功能:
#注意:此处设置ATUOCOMMIT必须用大写!
\set AUTOCOMMIT off
--插入一些数据
INSERT INTO customer_t (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES
(6885, 1, 'Joes', 'Hunter'),
(4321, 2, 'Lily','Carter'),
(9527, 3, 'James', 'Cook'),
(9500, 4, 'Lucy', 'Baker');
--查看表中数据
select * from customer_t;
--执行回滚
ROLLBACK;
--检查是否回滚成功
SELECT * FROM customer_t;
6. gsql相关的帮助
--连接数据库时,可以使用如下命令获取帮助信息。
gsql --help
--\h获取和SQL语法有关的帮助信息
\h
--\? 获取和元命令有关的帮助信息
\?