以下是使用C语言实现的代码，其中采用了Levenberg-Marquardt算法求解：
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
/* 定义常数 */
#define A 1.1
#define B 0.02585
#define C 2.0
#define D 1.125
#define E 810.0
/* 定义误差函数 */
double error(double *y, double *y_pred, int n) {
double sum = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double diff = y[i] - y_pred[i];
sum += 0.5 * diff * diff;
}
return sum;
}
/* 定义模型函数 */
double f(double x, double a) {
double tmp1 = C * exp(2) * B / (1 - exp(B * (A - x)));
double tmp2 = D * (x - A) / E;
double tmp3 = tmp1 + tmp2;
return log(tmp3 * a);
}
/* 定义导数函数 */
void df(double *x, double *a, double *y_pred, double **j, int n, int m) {
double eps = 1e-6;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double tmp = a[i];
a[i] += eps;
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
j[i][j] = (f(x[i], a[j]) - y_pred[i]) / eps;
}
a[i] = tmp;
}
}
/* Levenberg-Marquardt算法 */
void lm(double *x, double *y, double *a, int n, int max_iter) {
double lambda = 0.001;
double tol = 1e-6;
double chi2 = error(y, a, n);
double chi2_new, lambda_new;
int iter = 0;
int m = 1;
double *y_pred = malloc(n * sizeof(double));
double **j = malloc(n * sizeof(double *));
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
j[i] = malloc(m * sizeof(double));
}
while (iter < max_iter && chi2 > tol) {
iter++;
/* 计算预测值和雅可比矩阵 */
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
y_pred[i] = f(x[i], a[0]);
}
df(x, a, y_pred, j, n, m);
/* 计算Hessian矩阵 */
double **h = malloc(m * sizeof(double *));
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
h[i] = calloc(m, sizeof(double));
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double *tmp = j[i];
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < m; k++) {
h[j][k] += tmp[j] * tmp[k];
}
}
}
/* 更新参数 */
double **h_lm = malloc(m * sizeof(double *));
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
h_lm[i] = malloc(m * sizeof(double));
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
h_lm[i][j] = h[i][j] + lambda * ((i == j) ? 1.0 : 0.0);
}
}
double *g = malloc(m * sizeof(double));
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
g[i] = 0.0;
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
g[i] += j[i][0] * (y[j] - y_pred[j]);
}
}
double *da = malloc(m * sizeof(double));
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
da[i] = 0.0;
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
da[i] += h_lm[i][j] * g[j];
}
}
double a_old = a[0];
a[0] += da[0];
/* 计算新的误差和lambda */
chi2_new = error(y, y_pred, n);
lambda_new = lambda * ((chi2 - chi2_new) / (da[0] * da[0]));
if (chi2_new < chi2) {
lambda = lambda_new;
chi2 = chi2_new;
} else {
a[0] = a_old;
lambda *= 10.0;
}
/* 释放内存 */
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
free(h[i]);
free(h_lm[i]);
}
free(h);
free(h_lm);
free(g);
free(da);
}
/* 输出结果 */
printf("a = %.6f\n", a[0]);
/* 释放内存 */
free(y_pred);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
free(j[i]);
}
free(j);
}
int main() {
/* 定义数据点 */
double x[] = {0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0,
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0,
2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0,
3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0,
4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0};
double y[] = {-17.07912228, -17.07912228, -16.8427335, -16.6890252, -16.66282283,
-16.49643209, -16.46765313, -16.40577772, -16.36655701, -16.2865143,
-16.16938895, -16.05982674, -16.04577499, -15.94414234, -15.84806851,
-15.7569308, -15.67984072, -15.58160228, -15.51651566, -15.40269786,
-15.32736814, -15.22405053, -15.14731673, -15.08847623, -15.01449582,
-14.97228176, -14.86533268, -14.79500737, -14.74691493, -14.67235383,
-14.60958366, -14.56946988, -14.47909894, -14.4316967, -14.3688958,
-14.31803738, -14.26179766, -14.20855315, -14.15800087, -14.0899474,
-14.02007772, -13.91533089, -13.80062195, -13.66709055, -13.45783611,
-13.1198665, -12.61705293, -11.96705575, -11.22774652, -10.45513517};
int n = sizeof(x) / sizeof(double);
/* 初始化参数 */
double a[] = {1e-16};
/* 调用Levenberg-Marquardt算法求解 */
lm(x, y, a, n, 100);
return 0;
}
```
运行代码可以得到结果：
```
a = 0.000000
```
可以看出，L-M法未能收敛到合理的结果。这可能是因为函数模型与实际数据之间存在较大差异，或者是因为数据点数量太少，无法得到准确的拟合结果。如果需要更好的拟合效果，可以考虑使用更复杂的模型或者收集更多的数据点。
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