shell中常用的控制语句及脚本运行控制

1.学习目标：

for 语句
while 语句
if 语句
case 语句
expect 语句

exit,break,continue

2.exit break continue退出命令的区别

exit直接退出当前脚本
break仅仅退出本次循环
continue 退出本次循环进行下一次循环

vim file.sh
#!/bin/bash
for NUM in {1..5}
do
   if
   [ "$NUM" -eq 3 ]
   then
          $1
   fi
   echo   $NUM
done
echo hello linux!!!

3.for语句

示例：

vim file.sh
#!/bin/bash                  
for NUM in {1..5}
do
   echo   $NUM
done

4.while语句

while true  条件为真就执行
do

done

练习：编写脚本当负载超过80%时发送邮件给超级用户

vim mail_warning.sh
#!/bin/bash                  
DISK_NUM=`df -h | awk '/\/$/{print $5}' | awk -F "%" '{print $1}'`
#TTY=`ps $$|awk '/bash$/{print $2}'`
while true
do
     [ "$DISK_NUM" -ge "80" ]&&{
     echo "Your / will full !!" |mail -s warning root
     }
     sleep 1
done

5.if语句

格式：

if
then
elif
then
...
else
fi

if语句应用举例

#!/bin/bash
if
[ "$1" = "a" ]
then
        echo '$1' is a
elif
[ "$1" = "a" ]
then
        echo '$1' is b
elif
[ "$1" = "a" ]
then
        echo '$1' is c
else
        echo unknow $1
fi

练习：

写一个脚本file_check.sh，检测文件是否存在，如果存在，并判断文件类型

#!/bin/bash
if
[ "$#" -ne 1  ]
then
   echo "Please input a file follow script!!"
elif
[ ! -e "$1" ]
then
   echo "$1 is not exist !!"
elif
[ -L "$1" ]
then
   echo $1 is a link
elif
[ -S "$1" ]
then
   echo $1 is a socket
elif
[ -b "$1" ]
then
   echo $1 is a block
elif
[ -c "$1" ]
then
   echo $1 is a common
else
 echo unknown $1
fi

编写脚本check_file.sh用函数的方法实现检测文件是否存在，如果存在，并判断文件类型

#!/bin/bash
Check_file()
{
   if
   [ "$1" "$2" ]
   then
        echo "$2" is $3
   exit 0
   fi
}
   if
   [ "$#" -ne "1" ]
   then
        echo "Please input a file follow script!!"
   elif
   [ ! -e "$1" ]
   then
        echo  "$1 is not exist !!"
    else

        Check_file -S $1 socket
        Check_file -b $1 block
        Check_file -c $1 character
        Check_file -L $1 link
        Check_file -d $1 directory
    fi

编写一个脚本：建立用户当出现以下情况报错:

1 文件数量不对报错
2 文件不存在
3 文件行数差异
4 用户存在显示用户存在，但不改变此用户密码
5 当用户不存在建立用户并设定相应密码

#!/bin/bash
################## Check Rule ##################
if
[ "$#" -ne "2" ]
then
   echo "ERROR1:Please input userfile and passfile follow the script!!"
   exit 1
elif
[ ! -e  "$1" ]
then
   echo "ERROR2:Sorry, $1 is not exist !!"
   exit 1
elif
[ ! -e  "$2" ]
then
   echo "ERROR3:Sorry, $2 is not exist !!"
   exit 1
elif
USERFILE_LINE=`awk 'BEGIN{N=0}{N++}END{print N}' $1`
PASSFILE_LINE=`awk 'BEGIN{N=0}{N++}END{print N}' $2`
[ ! "$USERFILE_LINE" -eq "$PASSFILE_LINE" ]
then
   echo "ERROR4:$1's line is different from $2's line !!"
   exit 1
fi
################CREATE USER################

for  LINE_NUM in `seq 1 $USERFILE_LINE`
do
     USERNAME=`sed -n ${LINE_NUM}p $1`
     PASSWORD=`sed -n ${LINE_NUM}p $2`
     useradd $USERNAME &&{
     echo $PASSWORD | passwd --stdin $USERNAME
     }
done

6.case语句

格式：

case
   word1)
   action1
   ;;
   word2)
   action2
   ;;
   ......
   *)
   action_last
   esac

示例：

#!/bin/bash
case $1 in
     westos)
     echo linux
     ;;
     linux)
     echo westos
     ;;
     *)
     echo "Error: input westos or  linux after script !!"
esac

练习：

写一个脚本，当$1是cat，输出为dog,当$1 是dog，输出为cat如果是其他的，输出为"please input cat or dog foolow scripts !!"

方法一:

if语句

方法二：

case语句：

#!/bin/bash
case $1 in
        dog)
        echo cat
        ;;
        cat)
        echo dog
        ;;
        *)
        echo error
esac

case和if的比较

case效率更高

7.expect

expect是自动应答命令用于交互式命令的自动执行expect是一种自动交互语言，能实现在shell脚本中为scp和ssh等自动输入密码自动登录。

spawn是expect中的监控程序，其运行后台会监控命令提出的交互问题

send 发送问题答案给交互命令

"\r" 表示回车

exp_continue 表示当问题不存在时继续回答下面的问题

expect eof   表示问题回答完毕退出expect环境

interact     表示问题回答完毕退出expect环境;//交互模式，用户会永远停在远程服务器上面

set NAME [lindex $argv n] 定义变量

命令在：

/usr/bin/expect

示例：

#!/bin/bash
read -p "What's your name: " NAME
read -p "How old are you: " AGE
read -p "Where are you from: " CITY
read -p "Are you happy: " FEEL
echo "$NAME is $AGE and come from $CITY ; She feel $FEEL "

编写一个问题脚本

yum install expect -y 
#!/usr/bin/expect  
set timeout 2 
spawn /mnt/ask.sh
expect "name:"  
send "name\r"   
expect "old:"  
send "18\r"  
expect "from:"  
send "chain\r"  
expect "happy:"  
send "happy\r"  
expect eof

用expect自动回答问题脚本中的问题

自动匹配问题中的关键字作答

#!/usr/bin/expect  
set timeout 2  
spawn /mnt/ask.sh  
expect {  
        name  { send "girl\r";exp_continue }  
        old   { send "18\r";exp_continue }  
        from  { send "chain\r";exp_continue }  
        happy { send "happy\r" }  
       }  
expect eof 

用跟在脚本后的字符串回答问题

#!/usr/bin/expect  
set timeout 2  
set NAME [lindex $argv 0] #在expect中表示exp文件后的第一串字符，和shell中的$1相似  
set AGE  [lindex $argv 1]  
set CITY [lindex $argv 2]  
set FEEL [lindex $argv 3]  
spawn /mnt/ask.sh  
expect {  
        name  { send "$NAME\r";exp_continue }  
        old   { send "$AGE\r";exp_continue }  
        from  { send "$CITY\r";exp_continue }  
        happy { send "$FEEL\r" }  
       }  
expect eof